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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Umbrina: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 10 - 60 m (Ref. 91172). Subtropical; 37°N - 22°N, 123°W - 104°W
Eastern Central Pacific: Point Conception in California, USA to the Gulf of California; old records from as far north as San Francisco, California.
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 56.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 40637); publicerad maxvikt: 2.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
Kort beskrivning
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Found in shallow sandy areas, often in surf zones, bays and tidal sloughs. Feed on fishes, crustaceans, marine worms and bivalves (Ref. 9118) Often caught by surf fishers. Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Oviparous (Ref. 240). Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
Ladda ner XML
Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00832 (0.00493 - 0.01404), b=3.05 (2.91 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
3.5 ±0.47 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (tmax=15; K=0.3). |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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