Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino pelagic-neritic; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 18 m (Ref. 2850). Temperate; 58°N - 24°N, 155°W - 111°W
Eastern Pacific: Alaska to Magdalena Bay, Baja California. Not common north of Point Conception (Ref. 11484).
Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 145 cm FL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 40637); peso massimo pubblicato: 12.0 kg (Ref. 40637); Età massima riportata: 12 anni (Ref. 56049)
Breve descrizione
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 6; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 9 - 10; Spine anali: 1; Raggi anali molli: 8 - 9. Color bluish or brownish dorsally, silvery ventrally (Ref. 6885).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Usually near shore or near the surface (Ref. 2850). Often in small schools (Ref. 2850). Young enter bays (Ref. 2850). Feed mainly on other fishes (Ref. 2850). Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049). Migrate south from the California coast during autumn, but may remain in front of the Mexican coast throughout the year (Ref. 9345). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and frozen; eaten broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Considered as potentially dangerous due to its large, sharp teeth and aggressive disposition, though there are no reports of attacks (Ref. 9988).
Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Traumatogenic (Ref. 13513)
Usi umani
Pesca: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
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Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00708 (0.00333 - 0.01504), b=2.92 (2.75 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio. 69278) |
4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
7.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179) |
Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.14; tm=2-3; tmax=12; Fec=42,000). |
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria di prezzo (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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