Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut batidemersal; kisaran kedalaman 20 - 500 m (Ref. 49962), usually 90 - 300 m (Ref. 49962). Deep-water; 40°N - 27°N, 125°W - 113°W
Eastern Central Pacific: Usal, Mendocino County in central California, USA to central Baja California and Guadalupe Island (off north central Baja California) in Mexico.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 39.3, range 42 - 52 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 49962); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 13.0 kg (Ref. 2850); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 55 Tahun (Ref. 49962)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 13 - 14; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 12 - 13; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 6 - 7; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 26. Branchiostegal rays: 7 (Ref. 36715).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found on the bottom at moderate depths, to 366 m (Ref. 2850). Juveniles are pelagic (Ref. 36715), over fine sand and clay, whereas adults (>44 cm TL) inhabit rocky areas at 90-300 m (Ref. 49962). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36715).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01023 (0.00559 - 0.01873), b=3.09 (2.93 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
3.9 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
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Generation time |
21.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (tm=11-12; tmax=55; K=0.05). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.41, Based on 2 full stock assessments. |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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