Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina djupbottenlevande; djupintervall 20 - 500 m (Ref. 49962), usually 90 - 300 m (Ref. 49962). Deep-water; 40°N - 27°N, 125°W - 113°W
Eastern Central Pacific: Usal, Mendocino County in central California, USA to central Baja California and Guadalupe Island (off north central Baja California) in Mexico.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 39.3, range 42 - 52 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm FL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 49962); publicerad maxvikt: 13.0 kg (Ref. 2850); rapporterad maxålder: 55 år (Ref. 49962)
Kort beskrivning
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 13 - 14; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 12 - 13; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 6 - 7; Ryggkotor: 26. Branchiostegal rays: 7 (Ref. 36715).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found on the bottom at moderate depths, to 366 m (Ref. 2850). Juveniles are pelagic (Ref. 36715), over fine sand and clay, whereas adults (>44 cm TL) inhabit rocky areas at 90-300 m (Ref. 49962). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36715).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01023 (0.00559 - 0.01873), b=3.09 (2.93 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
3.9 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
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Generation time |
21.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Mycket låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mer än 14 år (tm=11-12; tmax=55; K=0.05). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.41, Based on 2 full stock assessments. |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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