Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser demersal; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 2 - 90 m (Ref. 12260), usually 20 - 60 m (Ref. 114285). Tropical; 36°N - 28°S, 33°E - 180°E
Indo-West Pacific: South Africa to the Red Sea, east to Fiji, north to Japan and south to New Caledonia.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 9.9, range 9 - 10.3 cm
Max length : 23.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 30573); common length : 20.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5450)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 8; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 9; Afterflossenstacheln: 1; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 7. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D VIII,9 ; pectoral fins 14-17; gill rakers 7-8 + 18-22 = 26-31; lateral line scales 32-37; body moderately deep or rather deep; measurements as % SL: body depth at anal-fin origin 22-29; maximum head depth 21-27; head depth through eye 16-21; suborbital depth 8.7-12; head length 28-33; snout length 9.5-13; postorbital length 11-14; upper-jaw length 11-14; barbel length 12-26; barbel width 0.7-1.2; caudal-peduncle length 18-23; second dorsal-fin base length 13-17; caudal-fin length 27-33; length of anal-fin base 10-13; anal-fin height 15-20; pelvic-fin length 17-22; pectoral-fin length 22-27; pectoral-fin width 3.7-5.9; first dorsal-fin height 22-28; first three to four long dorsal-fin spines are slightly protruding; second dorsal-fin height 16-20. Colouration: caudal fin no bars; first dorsal fin with a conspicuous black tip in fresh specimens that is usually well retained in preservative; both dorsal fins in fresh fish with dark, rather variable, horizontal or slightly oblique stripes, which are mostly lost in preservative; two yellow or pale-orange lateral body stripes in fresh fish, another conspicuous mid-lateral stripe at eye level from behind operculum to caudal-fin base; second stripe of variable length originating behind the pectoral-fin base, sometimes absent in subadults; stripes often lost in preservation; barbels white, pale beige, or pale rose, pale in preservation; head and body are silvery-whitish ventrally and gray to red brown dorsally, belly, pelvic and anal-fins often yellowish in fresh fish; when preserved, head and body uniformly brown or dorsally darker and fins pale brown, except for dark first dorsal-fin tip (Ref. 138759).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Found in coastal waters, entering estuaries (Ref. 30573). Sandy-muddy bottom (Ref. 43239). Forms schools (Ref. 5213). Has appearance of sillaginids when schooling (Ref. 48636).
Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven
Kumaran, M. and J.E. Randall, 1984. Mullidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 3. (Ref. 3470)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Aquarium: Kommerziell
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01023 (0.00861 - 0.01216), b=3.09 (3.06 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278) |
3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
1.1 (0.9 - 1.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 22 growth studies. |
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179) |
niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (K=0.5-1.3; tmax=4.6). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.52, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.79, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (15 of 100). 🛈 |
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 233 [126, 477] mg/100g; Iron = 1.33 [0.62, 2.35] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [15.4, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.302 [0.178, 0.562] g/100g; Selenium = 58.1 [32.3, 117.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.5 [6.6, 50.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.66 [1.06, 2.32] mg/100g (wet weight); |