Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino associati a barriera corallina; distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 80 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 35°N - 31°S, 30°E - 77°W
Indo-Pacific: from Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, north to Mie Prefecture, Japan and east to southwestern coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico and Gulf of California to Ecuador (Ref. 9283).
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 32.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 11441); common length : 75.0 cm FL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9283); peso massimo pubblicato: 15.0 kg (Ref. 30874)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 8; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 18 - 20; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 15 - 17.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Adults occur in deep lagoon and seaward reefs where they feed by rooting for crustaceans and fossorial invertebrates in the sand but they also feed on small fishes (Ref. 9710, 90102). Small juveniles live among the tentacles of jellyfish (Ref. 9710). Adults form schools and are also noted for their behavior to closely swim around sharks and other large fishes, and also follow divers (Ref. 10361). Juveniles particularly display this piloting behavior to gain protection from likely predators (Ref. 9710, 90102). Marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283). Juveniles are used in the aquarium trade. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Ciclo vitale e comportamento di accoppiamento
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecondità | Larve
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9283)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Usi umani
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si; Acquario: Commerciale
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
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Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio. 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01318 (0.01177 - 0.01476), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio. 69278) |
4.0 ±0.52 se; based on food items. |
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179) |
Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.14-0.53). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilità climatica (Ref. 125649) |
Very high vulnerability (86 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria di prezzo (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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Nutrienti (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 38.3 [19.7, 67.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.714 [0.413, 1.278] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [19.0, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.14 [0.09, 0.22] g/100g; Selenium = 51.7 [30.8, 93.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.8 [9.1, 68.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.751 [0.538, 1.061] mg/100g (wet weight); |