Squalius cephalus, Chub : fisheries, gamefish

Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Chub
अपना अपलोड करें तस्वीरें और वीडियो
तस्वीरे | वीडियो | टिकट, सिक्के, विविध. | Google image
Image of Squalius cephalus (Chub)
Squalius cephalus
चित्र स्रोत: AP Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/D. Terver

वर्गीकरण / नाम आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Leuciscinae
More on author: Linnaeus.

Taxonomic Remarks
The list of synonyms must be entirely reviewed at the light of recent publications. Leuciscus orientalis Nordmann, 1840 is considered valid in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. May 2011: Ref. 86870). This is allocated to Squalius in Ref. 84537, a valid name, but secondary homonym Squalius orientalis Heckel, 1847 needs a replacement name.

पर्यावरण: पर्यावरण / जलवायु क्षेत्र / गहराई सीमा / वितरण सीमा पारिस्थितिकी

; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल; खारा बेनथोपिलाजिक; pH range: 6.0 - 7.8; dH range: 8 - 25; पोटामोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 0 - ? m. Temperate; 4°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 64°N - 35°N, 10°W - 60°E

वितरण प्रदेशों | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | पारिस्थितिकी प्रणालियों | संयोग | बिन्दु नक्शा | भूमिका | Faunafri

Eurasia: North, Baltic, northern Black, White, Barents and Caspian Sea basins, Atlatinc basins southward to Adour drainages (France), Great Britain north to 56°C, Scandinavia: southern Finland, Sweden north to abut Stockholm. Mediterranean basin from Var to Hérault (possibly Aude) (France) drainages. Introduced elsewhere, Naturally absent from Italy and Adriatic basin.

प्रथम परिपक्वता पर लंबाई / आकार / वज़न / आयु

परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 25.0, range 7 - 30 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 59043); common length : 30.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 556); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 8.0 kg (Ref. 2196); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 22 वर्षो (Ref. 41616)

संक्षिप्त वर्णन पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 3; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 7 - 9; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 7 - 10; जानवरों की रीड़ का जोड़: 42 - 48. Differs from its congeners in France, North, Baltic, Arctic, Black and Caspian Sea basins by the possession of the following characters: dorsal profile with a well-marked discontinuity between head and trunk; a row of black pigments along free margin of each flank scale, forming a regular reticulate pattern, with no or very few pigments on central part of scales; anal and pelvic fins orange to red; dorsal fin with 8½ branched rays; anal fin with 8½ branched rays (rarely 9½); scales on lateral line 40-45 + 2-3; mouth terminal, with well marked chin; lower jaw tip not included in the upper lip; interorbital distance 37-42% HL; postorbital distance 47-51% HL; eye diameter 17-22% HL, 1.5-2.3 times in snout length; body depth 22-27% SL; lower jaw long, length greater than depth of operculum; iris whitish; pharyngeal teeth 2,5-5,2; in stretched anal fin of individuals larger than about 15 cm SL, distance between tips of first and last branched rays usually greater than caudal peduncle depth (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

जीवविज्ञान     शब्द संग्रह (उदाहरणार्थ epibenthic)

Most abundant in small rivers and large streams of barbel zone with riffles and pools. Found along shores of slow-flowing lowland rivers, even in very small mountain streams, and in large lake, undertaking spawning migration to inflowing streams. Adults are solitary while juveniles occur in groups. Feeding larvae and juveniles live in very shallow shoreline habitats. Feed on a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial animals and plant material. Large individuals prey predominantly on fishes. Breed in fast-flowing water above gravel bottom, rarely among submerged vegetation. Often form fertile hybrids with Alburnus alburnus (Ref. 59043). Popular with amateur sport fishermen. Can be caught with various baits and lures. The flesh is of poor quality (Ref. 38587).

जीवन चक्र और संभोग व्यवहार परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | उपजाऊपन | लार्वा

Spawning occurs in fast-flowing water above gravel bottom, rarely among submerged vegetation. Female spawn more than once during a season, individual females spawn with several males. Males assemble at spawning site and follow ripe females, often with much splashing, to shallow riffles. Females lays sticky eggs into the gravel (Ref. 59043). Pale yellow eggs are found attached to gravel, weed and stones in flowing water (Ref. 41678).

मुख्य संदर्भ अपने संदर्भ अपलोड करें | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

आईयूसीएन रेड लिस्ट स्थिति (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 29 May 2022

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

मनुष्यों के लिए ख़तरा

  Harmless





मानव उपयोग

मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; आखेट मत्स्य: हां
FAO - जलकृषि प्रणालियाँ: production searchमात्स्यिकी: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource |

अधिक जानकारी

ट्रॉफिक पारिस्थितिकी
खाद्य पदार्थ (शिकार)
संघटक आहार
आहार खपत
खाद्यान्न राशन
परभक्षी
पारिस्थितिकी
पारिस्थितिकी
जनसंख्या गतिशीलता
विकास मापदंड
अधिकतम आयु/आकार
लंबाई-वजन संबंध
लंबाई-लंबाई संबंध
लंबाई-आवृत्तियाँ
सामूहिक रूपांतरण
भर्ती
बहुतायत
शरीर रचना
गिल क्षेत्र
दिमाग
ओटोलिथ
फिजियोलॉजी
शारीरिक संरचना
पोषक तत्व
प्राणवायु की खपत
तैराकी का प्रकार
तैराकी की गति
दृश्य वर्णक
मछली की आवाज
रोग एवं परजीवी
विषाक्तता (LC50s)
आनुवंशिकी
जीनोम
आनुवंशिकी
विषमयुग्मजी
हैरेटिबिलटी
आनुवंशिक विविधता
मानव संबंधी
जलकृषि प्रणालियाँ
जलीयकृषि रूपरेखाऐ
खींच
सिगुएटेरा के मामले
टिकट, सिक्के, विविध.
आउटरीच
सहयोगीयो
संदर्भ
संदर्भ

साधन

विशेष रिपोर्ट

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

मॉडल पर आधारित अनुमान

जातिवृति विविधता सूचकांक
(संदर्भ 82804)
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00724 (0.00659 - 0.00797), b=3.13 (3.10 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
ट्रॉफिक स्तर
(संदर्भ 69278)
2.7   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव
(संदर्भ 120179)
माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.12-0.28; tm=3-7; tmax=10; Fec=20,000).
मछली पकड़ने की भेद्यता
(Ref. 59153)
High vulnerability (61 of 100). 🛈
मूल्य श्रेणी
(Ref. 80766)
Unknown.
पोषक तत्व
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 61.4 [32.2, 102.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.525 [0.185, 1.180] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.4, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.633 [0.336, 1.237] g/100g; Selenium = 11.5 [6.0, 22.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.6 [8.6, 52.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.56 [0.33, 1.18] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.