Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino; acqua dolce; salmastro demersale; amfidromo (Ref. 126106); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 5 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 20°C - 28°C (Ref. 13371); 35°N - 33°S, 48°E - 171°W
Indo-Pacific: Kuwait to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Reported from Samoa (Ref. 9710), Tonga (Ref. 53797), and the Society Islands (Ref. 2847).
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm ?, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 108711); common length : 20.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3489)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 10 - 11; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 16 - 18; Spine anali: 4; Raggi anali molli: 13 - 15. Ground colour greenish. Juveniles with a few large roundish blotches, about size of eye, or with about 5 or 6 broad, dark, vertical bars. In large adults, spots may be faint and restricted to dorsal part of flanks. Body quadrangular, strongly compressed. Dorsal head profile steep. Eye moderately large, its diameter somewhat smaller than snout length. Snout rounded. Mouth small, horizontal, not protractile. Teeth villiform, in several rows on jaws (ref 43044).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Adults inhabit harbors, natural embayments, brackish estuaries and the lower reaches of freshwater streams, frequently occurring among mangroves. They feed on worms, crustaceans, insects and plant matter (Ref. 7020, 44894, 48637). The dorsal, anal and pelvic spines are believed by Philippine fishers to be venomous and capable of inflicting wounds (Ref. 6565). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Marketed as fresh (Ref. 12693).
Multiple spawner (Ref. 102820).
Allen, G.R., 1984. Scatophagidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3489)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Usi umani
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Acquario: Commerciale
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
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Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.03236 (0.02376 - 0.04406), b=2.92 (2.83 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio. 69278) |
3.0 ±0.35 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
0.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179) |
Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (K=0.97; tm=1; Fec=486,500). |
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (20 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria di prezzo (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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Nutrienti (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 80.7 [40.4, 127.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.8 [0.5, 1.4] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [18.0, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.0919 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [14.3, 62.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.8 [6.1, 87.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.49 [0.96, 2.24] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |