Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten bottenlevande; amfidrom (Ref. 126106); djupintervall 0 - 5 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 20°C - 28°C (Ref. 13371); 35°N - 33°S, 48°E - 171°W
Indo-Pacific: Kuwait to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Reported from Samoa (Ref. 9710), Tonga (Ref. 53797), and the Society Islands (Ref. 2847).
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 108711); common length : 20.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3489)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 10 - 11; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 16 - 18; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 4; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 13 - 15. Ground colour greenish. Juveniles with a few large roundish blotches, about size of eye, or with about 5 or 6 broad, dark, vertical bars. In large adults, spots may be faint and restricted to dorsal part of flanks. Body quadrangular, strongly compressed. Dorsal head profile steep. Eye moderately large, its diameter somewhat smaller than snout length. Snout rounded. Mouth small, horizontal, not protractile. Teeth villiform, in several rows on jaws (ref 43044).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Adults inhabit harbors, natural embayments, brackish estuaries and the lower reaches of freshwater streams, frequently occurring among mangroves. They feed on worms, crustaceans, insects and plant matter (Ref. 7020, 44894, 48637). The dorsal, anal and pelvic spines are believed by Philippine fishers to be venomous and capable of inflicting wounds (Ref. 6565). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Marketed as fresh (Ref. 12693).
Multiple spawner (Ref. 102820).
Allen, G.R., 1984. Scatophagidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3489)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; Vattenbruk: kommersiell; Akvarium: Kommersiell
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.03236 (0.02376 - 0.04406), b=2.92 (2.83 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
3.0 ±0.35 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
0.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (K=0.97; tm=1; Fec=486,500). |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (20 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 80.7 [40.4, 127.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.8 [0.5, 1.4] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [18.0, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.0919 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 28.9 [14.3, 62.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.8 [6.1, 87.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.49 [0.96, 2.24] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |