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Beloniformes (Needle fishes) >
Belonidae (Needlefishes)
Etymology: Belone: Greek, belone = needle; any fish with sharp pointed snout; also Pierre Belon, 1517-64, French zoologist born in Le Mans. Professor at the College de France, author of " La nature et diversité des poissons", 1551 (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Pierre Belon (du Mans) (1517–1564) (pen name Petrus Bellonius Cenomanus) was a French diplomat, writer, traveller and naturalist who was deeply interested in antiquity and extolled the virtues of the Renaissance. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Taxonomic Remarks
According to authors cited by Evenhuis (1997: Ref. 115711: 480-482), the date of publication of the species should be 1760.
पर्यावरण: पर्यावरण / जलवायु क्षेत्र / गहराई सीमा / वितरण सीमा
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा pelagic-oceanic; औशिनोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 2 - 22 m (Ref. 130220). Temperate; 65°N - 14°N, 32°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Three subspecies were recognized by Collette and Parin (1970, Ref. 34977) Belone belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761) (Northeast Atlantic); Belone belone euxini Günther, 1866 (Black Sea and Sea of Azov); Belone belone acus Risso, 1827 (Mediterranean Sea and adjacent parts of Atlantic Ocean, Madeira, Canary Islands, Azores, and south to Cape Verde (Ref. 50279); subspecies Belone belone gracilis Lowe, 1839 (France to the Canary Islands including the Mediterranean) in Collette & Parin, 1990 (Ref. 5757).
प्रथम परिपक्वता पर लंबाई / आकार / वज़न / आयु
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 104 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 123983); common length : 45.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3397); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 1.4 kg (Ref. 113079)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 16 - 20; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 19 - 23. Jaw teeth comparatively large and widely spaced. Vertebrae 75-84. Vomerine teeth present at lengths greater than 20 cam. Lower jaw a little longer than upper jaw. Juveniles with greatly elongated jaw, without black posterior dorsal fin lobe.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Lives close to the surface and has a migratory pattern similar to the mackerel (Ref. 35388). Feeds on small fishes, particularly clupeids and Engraulis (in the Black Sea). Leaps out of the water when hooked. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Eggs may be found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface (Ref. 205). Utilized fresh and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 130219.
Collette, B.B. and N.V. Parin, 1986. Belonidae. p. 604-609. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Volume 2. Unesco, Paris. (Ref. 5505)
आईयूसीएन रेड लिस्ट स्थिति (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
मनुष्यों के लिए ख़तरा
Harmless
मानव उपयोग
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां
साधन
विशेष रिपोर्ट
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
मॉडल पर आधारित अनुमान
जातिवृति विविधता सूचकांक (संदर्भ 82804) |
PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00100 (0.00082 - 0.00122), b=3.09 (3.03 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
ट्रॉफिक स्तर (संदर्भ 69278) |
4.2 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies. |
लौटाव (संदर्भ 120179) |
माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (tm=2; Fec=1000). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.64, Based on 6 data-limited stock assessments. |
मछली पकड़ने की भेद्यता (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100). 🛈 |
जलवायु भेद्यता (Ref. 125649) |
High vulnerability (58 of 100). 🛈 |
मूल्य श्रेणी (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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पोषक तत्व (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 50.7 [17.3, 178.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.407 [0.148, 0.981] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.7, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.702 [0.293, 1.650] g/100g; Selenium = 9.33 [3.62, 22.32] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.6 [5.4, 78.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.482 [0.202, 0.927] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |