Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820
Fathead minnow
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Pimephales promelas
Male 拍攝者 Divino, J.N.
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Male 拍攝者 Divino, J.N.
分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Pogonichthyinae
Etymology: Pimephales: Greek, pimeles, -es = fat + Greek, phales = whale; if the root is Greek, phales, -etos = penis (Ref. 45335); promelas: From the words pro, meaning forward; and melas, black (referring to the black head of nuptial males) (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Rafinesque.
Etymology: Pimephales: Greek, pimeles, -es = fat + Greek, phales = whale; if the root is Greek, phales, -etos = penis (Ref. 45335); promelas: From the words pro, meaning forward; and melas, black (referring to the black head of nuptial males) (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Rafinesque.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學
分布 領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
North and Central America: Over much of North America from Quebec to Northwest Territories and British Columbia in Canada and south to Alabama, Texas in USA, and Mexico. Widely introduced, including in Colorado River drainage in Arizona and New Mexico, USA. Not present on Atlantic and Gulf slopes between Potomac River in Virginia and Trinity River in Texas. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
北美洲: 遍及從魁北克到加拿大西北地區的北美洲的許多地方而且南至阿拉巴馬州，德克薩斯與美國新墨西哥州。 也在墨西哥。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。 亞洲: 伊朗.(參考文獻 39702)
北美洲: 遍及從魁北克到加拿大西北地區的北美洲的許多地方而且南至阿拉巴馬州，德克薩斯與美國新墨西哥州。 也在墨西哥。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。 亞洲: 伊朗.(參考文獻 39702)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 10.1 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 10294); common length : 7.3 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 58435)
Max length : 10.1 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 10294); common length : 7.3 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 58435)
簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 8; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 7. The only species of genus introduced to Europe which differs from other cyprinid species in Europe by the following characters: prominent pad of spongy tissue on nape in males; dorsal fin origin about above pelvic fin origin; anal fin with 7½ branched rays; second simple dorsal ray spinous, about 50% length of the third one; lateral line incomplete, usually not reaching dorsal origin; weak midlateral stripe; 41-54 + 2 scales in midlateral row; and mouth terminal (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults inhabit muddy pools of headwaters, creeks, small rivers, and ponds (Ref. 5723, 86798). Also found in lakes (Ref. 10294). Can tolerate conditions (e.g., turbid, hot, poorly oxygenated, intermittent streams) unsuitable for most fishes (Ref. 5723, 86798). They feed on detritus and algae (Ref. 10294). Spawning occurs in still-water habitats along shores (Ref. 59043). Introductions consequently caused the spread of the enteric red-mouth disease throughout northern Europe which infected wild and cultured trouts and eels (Ref. 1739). Maintained a relatively high metabolic rate and level of activity under hypoxic conditions (Ref. 77050). Individuals that survived the hypoxic conditions during winter had rapid growth rates after ice-off (Ref. 77048).
棲息於河川源頭,小溪與小河的泥濘水池。 (參考文獻 1739) 也發現於池塘與湖。 (參考文獻 10294) 容忍不適合的環境 (例如, 混濁的﹐熱的﹐和溶氧量低又間歇的溪流) 。 (參考文獻 1739) 吃碎屑與藻類.(參考文獻 10294) 引入在傳染.野生與養殖的鱒魚與鰻魚的歐洲北部各處結果導致傳播腸內的紅嘴病。 (參考文獻 1739)
棲息於河川源頭,小溪與小河的泥濘水池。 (參考文獻 1739) 也發現於池塘與湖。 (參考文獻 10294) 容忍不適合的環境 (例如, 混濁的﹐熱的﹐和溶氧量低又間歇的溪流) 。 (參考文獻 1739) 吃碎屑與藻類.(參考文獻 10294) 引入在傳染.野生與養殖的鱒魚與鰻魚的歐洲北部各處結果導致傳播腸內的紅嘴病。 (參考文獻 1739)
生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
"Males defend territories and eggs, and clean plants, stone or other materials by rubbing them with the spongy nape pad and dorsal fin, which contain mucus-secreting cells and taste buds. The mucus may have fungicidal properties" (Ref. 59043).北美洲: 遍及從魁北克到加拿大西北地區的北美洲的許多地方而且南至阿拉巴馬州，德克薩斯與美國新墨西哥州。 也在墨西哥。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。 亞洲: 伊朗.(參考文獻 39702)
主要參考資料
上傳您的推薦信 | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
CITES
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
潛能有害之物
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性; 誘餌: usually
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
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網路資源
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基於模型的估計
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系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00851 (0.00654 - 0.01108), b=3.07 (3.00 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
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營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
2.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
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回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tmax=2). |
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釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (17 of 100). 🛈 |
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價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown. |