Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820
Fathead minnow
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Pimephales promelas
Male 图片提供人 Divino, J.N.
照片 | 谷歌图片
Male 图片提供人 Divino, J.N.
分类 / 名称 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Leuciscidae (Minnows) > Pogonichthyinae
Etymology: Pimephales: Greek, pimeles, -es = fat + Greek, phales = whale; if the root is Greek, phales, -etos = penis (Ref. 45335); promelas: From the words pro, meaning forward; and melas, black (referring to the black head of nuptial males) (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Rafinesque.
Etymology: Pimephales: Greek, pimeles, -es = fat + Greek, phales = whale; if the root is Greek, phales, -etos = penis (Ref. 45335); promelas: From the words pro, meaning forward; and melas, black (referring to the black head of nuptial males) (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Rafinesque.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围 生态学
分布 领土 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 分布图 | 简介 | Faunafri
North and Central America: Over much of North America from Quebec to Northwest Territories and British Columbia in Canada and south to Alabama, Texas in USA, and Mexico. Widely introduced, including in Colorado River drainage in Arizona and New Mexico, USA. Not present on Atlantic and Gulf slopes between Potomac River in Virginia and Trinity River in Texas. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
北美洲: 遍及從魁北克到加拿大西北地區的北美洲的許多地方而且南至阿拉巴馬州，德克薩斯與美國新墨西哥州。 也在墨西哥。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。 亞洲: 伊朗.(參考文獻 39702)
北美洲: 遍及從魁北克到加拿大西北地區的北美洲的許多地方而且南至阿拉巴馬州，德克薩斯與美國新墨西哥州。 也在墨西哥。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。 亞洲: 伊朗.(參考文獻 39702)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 10.1 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 10294); common length : 7.3 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年龄: 5 年 (Ref. 58435)
Max length : 10.1 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 10294); common length : 7.3 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年龄: 5 年 (Ref. 58435)
简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 8; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 7. The only species of genus introduced to Europe which differs from other cyprinid species in Europe by the following characters: prominent pad of spongy tissue on nape in males; dorsal fin origin about above pelvic fin origin; anal fin with 7½ branched rays; second simple dorsal ray spinous, about 50% length of the third one; lateral line incomplete, usually not reaching dorsal origin; weak midlateral stripe; 41-54 + 2 scales in midlateral row; and mouth terminal (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults inhabit muddy pools of headwaters, creeks, small rivers, and ponds (Ref. 5723, 86798). Also found in lakes (Ref. 10294). Can tolerate conditions (e.g., turbid, hot, poorly oxygenated, intermittent streams) unsuitable for most fishes (Ref. 5723, 86798). They feed on detritus and algae (Ref. 10294). Spawning occurs in still-water habitats along shores (Ref. 59043). Introductions consequently caused the spread of the enteric red-mouth disease throughout northern Europe which infected wild and cultured trouts and eels (Ref. 1739). Maintained a relatively high metabolic rate and level of activity under hypoxic conditions (Ref. 77050). Individuals that survived the hypoxic conditions during winter had rapid growth rates after ice-off (Ref. 77048).
栖息于河川源头,小溪与小河的泥泞水池。 也发现于池塘。 容忍不适合的环境。 (例如, 浑浊的，热的，和溶氧量低又间歇的溪流) 引入在传染了野生与养殖的鳟鱼与鳗鱼的欧洲北部各处结果导致传播肠内的红嘴病。 (参考文献 1739)
栖息于河川源头,小溪与小河的泥泞水池。 也发现于池塘。 容忍不适合的环境。 (例如, 浑浊的，热的，和溶氧量低又间歇的溪流) 引入在传染了野生与养殖的鳟鱼与鳗鱼的欧洲北部各处结果导致传播肠内的红嘴病。 (参考文献 1739)
生命周期和交配行为 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
"Males defend territories and eggs, and clean plants, stone or other materials by rubbing them with the spongy nape pad and dorsal fin, which contain mucus-secreting cells and taste buds. The mucus may have fungicidal properties" (Ref. 59043).北美洲: 遍及從魁北克到加拿大西北地區的北美洲的許多地方而且南至阿拉巴馬州，德克薩斯與美國新墨西哥州。 也在墨西哥。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。 亞洲: 伊朗.(參考文獻 39702)
主要参考文献
上传您的参考资料 | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
CITES
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
可能有害的
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性; 诱饵: usually
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
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基于模型的估算
|
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00851 (0.00654 - 0.01108), b=3.07 (3.00 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
|
营养阶层 (参考文献 69278) |
2.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
|
回复力 (参考文献 120179) |
高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (tmax=2). |
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渔业脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (17 of 100). 🛈 |
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价格分类 (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown. |