(كوسه ها و سپرماهيان) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Zanobatidae (Panrays)
Eponymy: Dr Johann Lukas Schönlein (1793–1864) was a German naturalist and professor of medicine. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Müller & Henle.
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق ? - 100 m (Ref. 27000), usually 10 - 15 m (Ref. 114953). Tropical; 31°N - 18°S, 19°W - 14°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Central Atlantic: Morocco to Angola.
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm 38.5, range 37 - 40 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 6513); common length : 40.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 114953); common length :50 cm TL (female); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 1.4 kg (Ref. 114953)
Occurs in shallow coastal waters to moderate depth, over sandy and sandy-muddy bottoms. Feeds on mollusks and other benthic invertebrates, mainly shrimps (Ref. 6513, 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 5377). Females mature at 37-40 cm TL, males ca. 30 cm TL; born at ca. 19 cm TL. Litters of 1-4 pups after short gestation; born at ca. 19 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفتگیری
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Stehmann, M., 1990. Platyrhinidae. p. 28. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 6513)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245). |
سطح تروفیک (مرجع 69278) |
3.6 ±0.44 se; based on food items. |
جهندگی (مرجع 120179) |
پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (Fec assumed to be <100). |
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈 |
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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