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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Hippoglossinae
Etymology: Reinhardtius: Because of Johannes Christopher H. Reinhardt, Danish zoologist, studied under Vahl and Cuvier, professor in Kobanhavn in 1813 (1776-1845) (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Johannes Christopher Hagemann Reinhardt (1778–1845) was a Norwegian zoologist who became Professor of Zoology (1814) at the University of Copenhagen. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Walbaum.
Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution
Écologie
marin benthopélagique; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 1 - 2200 m (Ref. 108960), usually 500 - 1000 m (Ref. 6263). Boreal; -1°C - 4°C (Ref. 43586); 79°N - 33°N, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54862)
Circumglobal: In arctic and temperate waters; northern hemisphere. Sea of Japan off Honshu north to Shishmaref, Alaska in the Chukchi Sea, throughout the Aleutian Islands, and southeast to northern Baja California, Mexico. North Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Spitsbergen (Svalbard Islands) and the Barents Sea south to Ireland. Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951).
Longueur à la première maturité / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm 63.5, range 65 - 80 cm
Max length : 110 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 80637); 130.0 cm TL (female); common length : 56.0 cm FL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 55110); poids max. publié: 7.0 kg (Ref. 173); poids max. publié: 7.0 kg; âge max. reporté: 36 années (Ref. 117245)
Épines dorsales (Total) : 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 83 - 108; Épines anales: 0; Rayons mous anaux: 62 - 79; Vertèbres: 60 - 64. Dorsal origin behind posterior edge of upper eye. Caudal slightly forked to truncate. Pectorals small.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Often caught pelagically (Ref. 4705). Adults prefer bottom temperatures of -0.5°C to 6.0°C (Ref. 5951). Epibenthic (Ref. 58426). Feed on crustaceans, fishes (Ref. 4705, 6885), eelpouts, capelin, redfishes, deep sea prawns and other bottom invertebrates (Ref. 35388). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Utilized dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed and fried (Ref. 9988). Size of the Greenland halibut collected from 400-599 m deep in eastern Bering Sea, ranged from 9 to 99 cm FL with a mean of 56 cm (Ref. 55110).
Fertilized eggs develop in approximately 50 days. Larvae are pelagic with a maximum size of 8 cm and will drift for about 4 months before settling at about 7 cm on clay-silt subtrates at depths of 300-450 m, after which they metamorphose (Ref. 117245).
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: hautement commercial; pêche sportive: oui
Outils
Articles particuliers
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Sources Internet
Estimations basées sur des modèles
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf. 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00363 (0.00292 - 0.00451), b=3.19 (3.12 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Niveau trophique (Réf. 69278) |
4.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
12.2 (11.0 - 15.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies. |
Résilience (Réf. 120179) |
Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.07-0.10; tm=7-12; tmax=30; Fec=6,800). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.26, 95% CL = 0.17 - 0.39, Based on 13 full stock assessments. |
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnérabilité climatique (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). 🛈 |
Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nutriments (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 6.69 [3.30, 13.54] mg/100g; Iron = 0.117 [0.062, 0.270] mg/100g; Protein = 15 [13, 17] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.104, 0.631] g/100g; Selenium = 44.6 [20.3, 101.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.9 [3.9, 85.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.308 [0.204, 0.448] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |