>
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Hippoglossinae
Etymology: Reinhardtius: Because of Johannes Christopher H. Reinhardt, Danish zoologist, studied under Vahl and Cuvier, professor in Kobanhavn in 1813 (1776-1845) (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Johannes Christopher Hagemann Reinhardt (1778–1845) was a Norwegian zoologist who became Professor of Zoology (1814) at the University of Copenhagen. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Walbaum.
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bentopelagisk; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 1 - 2200 m (Ref. 108960), usually 500 - 1000 m (Ref. 6263). Boreal; -1°C - 4°C (Ref. 43586); 79°N - 33°N, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54862)
Circumglobal: In arctic and temperate waters; northern hemisphere. Sea of Japan off Honshu north to Shishmaref, Alaska in the Chukchi Sea, throughout the Aleutian Islands, and southeast to northern Baja California, Mexico. North Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Spitsbergen (Svalbard Islands) and the Barents Sea south to Ireland. Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951).
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 63.5, range 65 - 80 cm
Max length : 110 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 80637); 130.0 cm TL (female); common length : 56.0 cm FL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 55110); publicerad maxvikt: 7.0 kg (Ref. 173); publicerad maxvikt: 7.0 kg; rapporterad maxålder: 36 år (Ref. 117245)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 83 - 108; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 62 - 79; Ryggkotor: 60 - 64. Dorsal origin behind posterior edge of upper eye. Caudal slightly forked to truncate. Pectorals small.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Often caught pelagically (Ref. 4705). Adults prefer bottom temperatures of -0.5°C to 6.0°C (Ref. 5951). Epibenthic (Ref. 58426). Feed on crustaceans, fishes (Ref. 4705, 6885), eelpouts, capelin, redfishes, deep sea prawns and other bottom invertebrates (Ref. 35388). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Utilized dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed and fried (Ref. 9988). Size of the Greenland halibut collected from 400-599 m deep in eastern Bering Sea, ranged from 9 to 99 cm FL with a mean of 56 cm (Ref. 55110).
Fertilized eggs develop in approximately 50 days. Larvae are pelagic with a maximum size of 8 cm and will drift for about 4 months before settling at about 7 cm on clay-silt subtrates at depths of 300-450 m, after which they metamorphose (Ref. 117245).
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiellt viktig; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
Ladda ner XML
Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.00363 (0.00292 - 0.00451), b=3.19 (3.12 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
4.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
|
Generation time |
12.2 (11.0 - 15.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.07-0.10; tm=7-12; tmax=30; Fec=6,800). |
|
Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.26, 95% CL = 0.17 - 0.39, Based on 13 full stock assessments. |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100). 🛈 |
Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
|
Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 6.69 [3.30, 13.54] mg/100g; Iron = 0.117 [0.062, 0.270] mg/100g; Protein = 15 [13, 17] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.104, 0.631] g/100g; Selenium = 44.6 [20.3, 101.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.9 [3.9, 85.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.308 [0.204, 0.448] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |