Pseudocarcharias kamoharai (Matsubara, 1936)
Crocodile shark
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Pseudocarcharias kamoharai AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Pseudocarcharias kamoharai
拍攝者 Randall, J.E.
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拍攝者 Randall, J.E.
分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii 板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) > Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) 鼠鯊目 (Mackerel sharks) > Pseudocarchariidae (Crocodile sharks) 擬錐齒鯊科 (Crocodile sharks)
Etymology: Pseudocarcharias: pseudo-, from pseudes (Gr.), false, proposed as a subgenus of Carcharias (Odontaspididae) (See ETYFish); kamoharai: In honor of ichthyologist Toshiji Kamohara (1901-1972), Kochi University, who secured type at a fish market and presented it to Matsubara (See ETYFish).
Eponymy: Dr Toshiji Kamohara (1901–1972) was an ichthyologist who graduated from Tokyo Imperial University (1926). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Etymology: Pseudocarcharias: pseudo-, from pseudes (Gr.), false, proposed as a subgenus of Carcharias (Odontaspididae) (See ETYFish); kamoharai: In honor of ichthyologist Toshiji Kamohara (1901-1972), Kochi University, who secured type at a fish market and presented it to Matsubara (See ETYFish).
Eponymy: Dr Toshiji Kamohara (1901–1972) was an ichthyologist who graduated from Tokyo Imperial University (1926). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學
海洋 pelagic-oceanic; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 590 m (Ref. 6871), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 54740). 亞熱帶的; 40°N - 40°S, 180°W - 180°E
分布 領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
Tropical and subtropical waters of all oceans.
所有海洋的熱帶與亞熱帶水域。
所有海洋的熱帶與亞熱帶水域。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 91.6, range 89 - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 43278); 122.0 cm TL (female); common length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 13569); 最大體重: 5.9 kg (Ref. 130455)
Max length : 110 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 43278); 122.0 cm TL (female); common length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 13569); 最大體重: 5.9 kg (Ref. 130455)
簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. A medium-sized spindle-shaped shark with very large eyes lacking a nictitating membrane, long gill slits extending onto dorsal surface of head, lanceolate teeth, weak keel and precaudal pits on caudal peduncle (Ref. 6871, 43278). Small and low dorsal fins, with second dorsal fin less than half the size of the first but larger than the anal fin (Ref. 6871). Pectoral fin broad and rounded (Ref. 6871). Light or dark grey above, paler below, fins white-edged, sometimes with small white spots on body and a white blotch between mouth and gill slits (Ref. 13569).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
一中等大小的紡錘形的鯊魚有非常大的眼沒有延伸到頭部背面，矛尖形的齒，弱的龍骨脊與尾前小窩的瞬膜 , 長的鰓縫在尾梗上.(參考文獻 6871,43278) 小而低的背鰭, 與第二背鰭鰭少於第一個的一半的大小但是大於臀鰭.(參考文獻 6871) 胸鰭寬的而且圓的.(參考文獻 6871) 淡灰色或深灰色的上方, 腹面灰白的, 鰭邊緣白色的, 有時有身上的小白斑與一個白色的斑塊在嘴巴與鰓縫之間.(參考文獻 13569)
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
一中等大小的紡錘形的鯊魚有非常大的眼沒有延伸到頭部背面，矛尖形的齒，弱的龍骨脊與尾前小窩的瞬膜 , 長的鰓縫在尾梗上.(參考文獻 6871,43278) 小而低的背鰭, 與第二背鰭鰭少於第一個的一半的大小但是大於臀鰭.(參考文獻 6871) 胸鰭寬的而且圓的.(參考文獻 6871) 淡灰色或深灰色的上方, 腹面灰白的, 鰭邊緣白色的, 有時有身上的小白斑與一個白色的斑塊在嘴巴與鰓縫之間.(參考文獻 13569)
An oceanic species usually found offshore and far from land but sometimes occurring inshore (Ref. 9993, 43278, 58302). Epi- and mesopelagic, with occasional near-bottom occurrences (Ref. 43278, 58302). Although considered not dangerous to people, its powerful jaws, jaw muscles and teeth invite respect. Flesh not appreciated and therefore the catch is usually discarded (Ref. 247); utilized for its large, squalene-rich liver (Ref. 9993). Feeds on small pelagic bony fishes, squids and shrimps (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 50449). With 4 young in a litter, born at 40 to 43 cm TL (Ref. 12288). Maximum length for female given in Romanove et.al 1994 (Ref. 44781). Common bycatch of tuna longline fisheries, and occasionally tuna gillnet fisheries (Ref.58048).
一個大洋性的種通常發現於外海而且遠離土地但是有時出現於沿海地區.(參考文獻 9993,58302) 表層與中層帶, 偶而有接近底部的發生.(參考文獻 58302) 雖然被認為不對人類有危險性，它的有力顎, 頜肌肉與齒邀請敬意。 肉不欣賞因此捕捉通常是丟棄的;(參考文獻 247) 利用.它的大, 豐富的鯊烯肝臟.(參考文獻 9993) 吃小型大洋性魚類硬骨魚類，烏賊與蝦。 (參考文獻 5578) 卵胎生的, 胚胎吃產生於母親的卵黃囊與其他的卵.(參考文獻 50449) 有四個幼魚在 40 到 43 公分TL 出生的一胎.(參考文獻 12288) 最大的母魚體長記錄在 Romanove et.al 1994.(參考文獻 44781)
一個大洋性的種通常發現於外海而且遠離土地但是有時出現於沿海地區.(參考文獻 9993,58302) 表層與中層帶, 偶而有接近底部的發生.(參考文獻 58302) 雖然被認為不對人類有危險性，它的有力顎, 頜肌肉與齒邀請敬意。 肉不欣賞因此捕捉通常是丟棄的;(參考文獻 247) 利用.它的大, 豐富的鯊烯肝臟.(參考文獻 9993) 吃小型大洋性魚類硬骨魚類，烏賊與蝦。 (參考文獻 5578) 卵胎生的, 胚胎吃產生於母親的卵黃囊與其他的卵.(參考文獻 50449) 有四個幼魚在 40 到 43 公分TL 出生的一胎.(參考文獻 12288) 最大的母魚體長記錄在 Romanove et.al 1994.(參考文獻 44781)
生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449). With 4 young in a litter, born at 40-43 cm (Ref. 11228).所有海洋的熱帶與亞熱帶水域。
主要參考資料
上傳您的推薦信 | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
CITES
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
無害處的
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
FAO - 漁業: 魚種描繪, landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 周邊海洋
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網路資源
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | 檢查 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: 屬, 種 | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - 漁業: 魚種描繪, landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | 國家資料庫 | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | 樹狀分類階層 | Wikipedia: 去, 搜尋 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物學的記錄
基於模型的估計
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系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00347 (0.00134 - 0.00899), b=3.11 (2.88 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
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營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
4.5 ±0.58 se; based on food items. |
| Generation time | 8.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
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回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (tm=5.1; K=0.14; tmax=13; Fec=4). |
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釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100). 🛈 |
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價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown. |