Elasmobranchi (squali e razze) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Rajella: Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino batidemersale; distribuzione batimetrica 150 - 2117 m (Ref. 5951), usually 250 - ? m (Ref. 117245). Deep-water; 4°C - 6°C (Ref. 117245); 78°N - 42°N, 70°W - 30°E (Ref. 114953)
North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent fringes of the Arctic Region. Reported from the western Atlantic on eastern Grand Banks and Flemish Cap (about 46°N), a few records on the slope off Strait of Belle Isle to Davis Strait; probably continuous along the slope off Labrador; restricted in southwestern part of Greenland; eastern Atlantic off to most of Iceland to Faroe Islands, possible occurrence in western Irminger Sea and south to northern Rockall Trough; common in the Norwegian Deep and Skagerrak and northward along the Norwegian coast and shelf; periodic records in the southwestern Barents Sea.
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm ?, range 97 - ? cm
Max length : 125 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 119696); peso massimo pubblicato: 11.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
Breve descrizione
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Spine anali: 0. Snout moderately long, its tip pointed and somewhat protruding; upper surface predominantly smooth, only on head and front margins more or less prickly, tail entirely spinulose, underside smooth; up to 4 thorns in front of as well as behind eye, a continuous median row of 42-51 thorns from nape to first dorsal fin (Ref. 3167). Upper surface plain fawn color, slate grey or clay grey, lower surface white, with a grey longitudinal band along tail and grey blotch on either side of cloaca (Ref. 6902).
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Occur in moderately deep water but mainly around 250 m in boreal and partly arctic latitudes (Ref. 3167). Maximum reported depth at 2,117 m (Ref. 117245). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feed on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167), invertebrates and fishes (Ref. 114953). Males mature at ca. 90 cm TL and young hatch at ca. 15 cm TL (Ref. 119696). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 10.7 cm long and 7.7 cm wide (Ref. 41251, 41301). It is not commercially important, and is possibly taken at low level by-catch in deep-water longline and trawl fisheries (Ref. 117245).
Ciclo vitale e comportamento di accoppiamento
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecondità | Larve
Oviparous (Ref. 3167). Paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Harmless
Usi umani
Pesca: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
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Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00309 (0.00144 - 0.00663), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio. 69278) |
3.8 ±0.45 se; based on food items. |
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179) |
Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (Fec assumed to be <100). |
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilità climatica (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria di prezzo (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nutrienti (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 3.33 [0.48, 63.71] mg/100g; Iron = 0.27 [0.03, 3.63] mg/100g; Protein = 15.3 [13.3, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.449 [0.186, 1.105] g/100g; Selenium = 21.2 [3.8, 98.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.65 [0.27, 47.82] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.24 [0.02, 2.78] mg/100g (wet weight); |