Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Rajella: Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina djupbottenlevande; djupintervall 150 - 2117 m (Ref. 5951), usually 250 - ? m (Ref. 117245). Deep-water; 4°C - 6°C (Ref. 117245); 78°N - 42°N, 70°W - 30°E (Ref. 114953)
North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent fringes of the Arctic Region. Reported from the western Atlantic on eastern Grand Banks and Flemish Cap (about 46°N), a few records on the slope off Strait of Belle Isle to Davis Strait; probably continuous along the slope off Labrador; restricted in southwestern part of Greenland; eastern Atlantic off to most of Iceland to Faroe Islands, possible occurrence in western Irminger Sea and south to northern Rockall Trough; common in the Norwegian Deep and Skagerrak and northward along the Norwegian coast and shelf; periodic records in the southwestern Barents Sea.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?, range 97 - ? cm
Max length : 125 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 119696); publicerad maxvikt: 11.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
Kort beskrivning
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0. Snout moderately long, its tip pointed and somewhat protruding; upper surface predominantly smooth, only on head and front margins more or less prickly, tail entirely spinulose, underside smooth; up to 4 thorns in front of as well as behind eye, a continuous median row of 42-51 thorns from nape to first dorsal fin (Ref. 3167). Upper surface plain fawn color, slate grey or clay grey, lower surface white, with a grey longitudinal band along tail and grey blotch on either side of cloaca (Ref. 6902).
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Occur in moderately deep water but mainly around 250 m in boreal and partly arctic latitudes (Ref. 3167). Maximum reported depth at 2,117 m (Ref. 117245). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feed on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167), invertebrates and fishes (Ref. 114953). Males mature at ca. 90 cm TL and young hatch at ca. 15 cm TL (Ref. 119696). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 10.7 cm long and 7.7 cm wide (Ref. 41251, 41301). It is not commercially important, and is possibly taken at low level by-catch in deep-water longline and trawl fisheries (Ref. 117245).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Oviparous (Ref. 3167). Paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
Ladda ner XML
Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.00309 (0.00144 - 0.00663), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
3.8 ±0.45 se; based on food items. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Fec assumed to be <100). |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100). 🛈 |
Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
|
Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 3.33 [0.48, 63.71] mg/100g; Iron = 0.27 [0.03, 3.63] mg/100g; Protein = 15.3 [13.3, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.449 [0.186, 1.105] g/100g; Selenium = 21.2 [3.8, 98.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.65 [0.27, 47.82] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.24 [0.02, 2.78] mg/100g (wet weight); |