Epinephelus polyphekadion, Camouflage grouper : fisheries, aquaculture

Epinephelus polyphekadion (Bleeker, 1849)

Camouflage grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Epinephelus polyphekadion   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus polyphekadion (Camouflage grouper)
Epinephelus polyphekadion
Photo von Randall, J.E.

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.

Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet Ökologie

seewasser riff-verbunden; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 0 - 50 m (Ref. 128797). Tropical; 30°N - 34°S, 27°E - 134°W (Ref. 5222)

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Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and east coast of Africa to French Polynesia. In the western Pacific it ranges from southern Japan to southern Queensland and Lord Howe Island. Often confused with Epinephelus fuscoguttatus.

Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter

Geschlechtsreife: Lm ?, range 58 - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 4319); common length : 90.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5450)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 11; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 14 - 15; Afterflossenstacheln: 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body depth 2.7-3.1 in SL; preopercle rounded, finely serrate; upper edge of operculum distinctly convex; rear nostril diameter about twice that of anterior nostril; gill rakers of first gill arch 8-10 + 15-1= 24-27; dorsal-fin spines third or fourth longest, 2.7-3.3 in HL and distinctly shorter than longest dorsal-fin ray; 2-3 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw; front of jaws with inconspicuous fixed canines; body scales ctenoid in broad zone on side from beneath pectoral fin to caudal peduncle, the rest cycloid; caudal fin rounded; pectoral-fin rays 16-18, fin length 1.7-2.1 in HL; short pelvic fins, 1.9-2.4 in HL; lateral-line scales 47-52, in series 95-110. Colour of head, body, and fins pale brown, covered with small dark brown spots; upper half whitish, head and body with irregular dark blotches (more distinct on live specimens) superimposed over the dark spots; prominent black saddle blotch on caudal peduncle; dark spots extend all over head, including lower jaw, lips, branchiostegal membranes, gular area, and inside of mouth; numerous small white spots on fins (more distinct on live fish). a few on head and body; juveniles with a pair of blackish spots on each side of snout and a black spot at margin of second and third interspinous dorsal membranes (Ref. 39231, 89707, 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Often found in coral-rich areas of lagoon and outer reefs; in caves and large crevices to swim through (Ref. 48635). Most abundant around islands, particularly atolls. Usually in small schools but may be solitary (Ref 90102). Feeds mainly on crustaceans (portunid crabs) and fishes, sometimes on cephalopods and gastropods. In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). This species is important in artisanal fisheries, but occasionally implicated in cases of ciguatera (frequently ciguatoxic in the Marshall Is., Ref. 37816). It is now uncommon at localities with heavy spearfishing, but popular in the aquaculture industry of Singapore, where it is known as 'marble grouper'. It is caught with hook-and-line, spear, and traps (Ref. 39231).

Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven

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Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Verwundbar (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 20 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 1602)





Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kommerziell; Aquakultur: experimental
FAO - Fischereien: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Das Meer um uns herum

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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen

Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.01148 (0.01007 - 0.01309), b=3.04 (3.02 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophische Ebene
(Ref. 69278) 		4.0   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time 11.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit
(Ref. 120179) 		niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei
(Ref. 59153) 		Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100). 🛈
Klimaanfälligkeit
(Ref. 125649) 		Very high vulnerability (79 of 100). 🛈
Preiskategorie
(Ref. 80766) 		Very high.
Nährstoffe
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 20.2 [10.0, 44.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.434 [0.232, 0.894] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.2, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.11 [0.07, 0.18] g/100g; Selenium = 37.6 [22.1, 68.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 137 [38, 494] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.1 [0.8, 1.6] mg/100g (wet weight);