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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
पर्यावरण: पर्यावरण / जलवायु क्षेत्र / गहराई सीमा / वितरण सीमा
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 0 - 150 m (Ref. 3688), usually 10 - 20 m (Ref. 37413). Subtropical; 48°N - 35°S, 25°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay, Strait of Gibraltar, Mediterranean, and Black Sea (Ref. 4781, 112870), Madeira Is (Ref. 74541), Canary Is. and Cape Verde Islands (Ref. 3688), southward to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Western Indian Ocean: southern Mozambique (Ref. 3688); Red Sea (Ref. 84159). Not found in tropical east Africa (Ref. 3198),
प्रथम परिपक्वता पर लंबाई / आकार / वज़न / आयु
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 17.4, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3688); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 12 वर्षो (Ref. 13716)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 11; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 12 - 13; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 10 - 11.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found on the shelf, over sandy and muddy bottoms as well as seagrass-beds and estuaries. Gregarious, sometimes forming sizeable schools. Feeds on worms, mollusks and small crustaceans. Protandric hermaphrodite (Ref. 3688). Flesh excellent (Ref. 3198); sold fresh and dried.
A monandric species (Ref. 55367). In the northern Adriatic, overall male to female ratio was 1:1.62. Sex inversion occurred mainly between 24.1 and 35.2 cm TL and 3.5 years of age (Ref. 55367). Conflicting descriptions of the reproductive style of this species have been reported, including possible gonochorism (Ref. 103751). Also Ref. 28504.
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
आईयूसीएन रेड लिस्ट स्थिति (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
मनुष्यों के लिए ख़तरा
Harmless
मानव उपयोग
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; आखेट मत्स्य: हां
साधन
विशेष रिपोर्ट
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
मॉडल पर आधारित अनुमान
जातिवृति विविधता सूचकांक (संदर्भ 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01175 (0.01051 - 0.01313), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
ट्रॉफिक स्तर (संदर्भ 69278) |
3.5 ±0.39 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
4.8 (4.0 - 5.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12 growth studies. |
लौटाव (संदर्भ 120179) |
माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.24; tm=2). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.54, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.81, Based on 1 full stock assessment. |
मछली पकड़ने की भेद्यता (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 🛈 |
जलवायु भेद्यता (Ref. 125649) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100). 🛈 |
मूल्य श्रेणी (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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पोषक तत्व (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 72.3 [42.6, 133.6] mg/100g; Iron = 1.06 [0.62, 1.89] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.417 [0.289, 0.641] g/100g; Selenium = 28.2 [14.1, 49.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.68 [3.47, 23.67] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.831 [0.601, 1.145] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |