Heterodontus francisci (Girard, 1855)
Horn shark
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Heterodontus francisci AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
分類 / 名稱 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii 板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) > Heterodontiformes (Bullhead and horn sharks) 虎鯊目 (Bullhead and horn sharks) > Heterodontidae (Bullhead, horn, or Port Jackson sharks) 異齒鮫科 (Bullhead, horn, or Port Jackson sharks)
Etymology: Heterodontus: heteros (Gr.), different; odontos (Gr.), tooth, referring to pointy teeth (for clutching prey) at front of jaws, different than rounded molar-like teeth (for grinding hard-shelled invertebrates) at the back (See ETYFish); francisci: Of Francisco, probably referring to San Francisco (city and/or bay), California, USA (although its range does not extend that far north of its type locality, Monterey Bay) (See ETYFish).
Eponymy: The original description has no etymology but the specific name probably derives from the city of San Francisco (although the holotype was collected from Monterey Bay rather than San Francisco Bay). (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Girard.
Etymology: Heterodontus: heteros (Gr.), different; odontos (Gr.), tooth, referring to pointy teeth (for clutching prey) at front of jaws, different than rounded molar-like teeth (for grinding hard-shelled invertebrates) at the back (See ETYFish); francisci: Of Francisco, probably referring to San Francisco (city and/or bay), California, USA (although its range does not extend that far north of its type locality, Monterey Bay) (See ETYFish).
Eponymy: The original description has no etymology but the specific name probably derives from the city of San Francisco (although the holotype was collected from Monterey Bay rather than San Francisco Bay). (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Girard.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍 生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 152 m (Ref. 106604), usually 2 - 11 m (Ref. 9253). 亞熱帶的; 37°N - 15°S, 124°W - 75°W
分布 領土 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | 分布圖 | 簡介 | Faunafri
Eastern Pacific: central California, USA to the Gulf of California, and probably Ecuador and Peru.
東太平洋: 美國加州中部到加州灣, 與可能厄瓜多與祕魯。
東太平洋: 美國加州中部到加州灣, 與可能厄瓜多與祕魯。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?, range 59 - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 247); common length : 97.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 247); 最大年齡: 12 年 (Ref. 72467)
Max length : 122 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 247); common length : 97.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 247); 最大年齡: 12 年 (Ref. 72467)
Sluggish, nocturnal, and mostly solitary species. Inhabit rocky bottoms, kelp beds, sandy draws between rocks, on sand flats, deep crevices and small caves and also large underwater caverns. Adults tend to return to the same resting place every day (Ref. 43278). Feed on benthic invertebrates, especially sea urchins, crabs and probably abalone, also fishes. Oviparous (Ref. 50449). May bite back when harassed. Has broad muscular paired fins used as limbs for clambering on the bottom. Catch reduced to fish meal; fin spines used in production of jewels.
緩動性的﹐夜行的﹐與大部份獨居性的種。 在沙地淺灘, 深的裂隙與小的洞穴以及大的在水中的巨穴上,棲息於岩石底部，海藻床 , 在岩石之間的沙平局。 成魚傾向回到一樣的休息每天放置.(參考文獻 43278) 吃底棲的無脊椎動物, 尤其海膽, 螃蟹與可能鮑魚, 也捕食。 卵生的.(參考文獻 50449) 可能會咬人何時被攻擊。 有在底部上爬行的肌肉寬闊的偶鰭當作四肢。 捕捉縮小成魚粉了; 鰭棘被用於珠寶的生產了。
緩動性的﹐夜行的﹐與大部份獨居性的種。 在沙地淺灘, 深的裂隙與小的洞穴以及大的在水中的巨穴上,棲息於岩石底部，海藻床 , 在岩石之間的沙平局。 成魚傾向回到一樣的休息每天放置.(參考文獻 43278) 吃底棲的無脊椎動物, 尤其海膽, 螃蟹與可能鮑魚, 也捕食。 卵生的.(參考文獻 50449) 可能會咬人何時被攻擊。 有在底部上爬行的肌肉寬闊的偶鰭當作四肢。 捕捉縮小成魚粉了; 鰭棘被用於珠寶的生產了。
生命週期和交配行為 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Courtship starts when the male chases the female, then when both are ready, they drop to the bottom (Ref. 43278). During courtship and prior to copulation, the male bites and wraps its body to the female pectoral fin, body, tail, and gills (Ref. 51127, 49562). The male then inserts a single clasper in the female's cloaca; copulation lasts 30 to 40 min. After one or two weeks later, the eggs are laid in about 11 to 14 intervals for 4 months which were deposited under rocks or in crevices, as was observed in nature. In captivity, the female drops the eggs on the bottom where the contents of the egg cases maybe eaten by these sharks; the eggs are hatched in 7 to 9 months. The young begin to feed one month after hatching (Ref. 43278).東太平洋: 美國加州中部到加州灣, 與可能厄瓜多與祕魯。
主要參考資料
上傳您的推薦信 | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Compagno, L.J.V., 2001. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Vol. 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 1(2):269 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 43278)
CITES
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
引起創傷的 (Ref. 247)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
FAO - 漁業: 魚種描繪; Publication: search | FishSource |
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網路資源
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基於模型的估計
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系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5029 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00437 (0.00233 - 0.00817), b=3.15 (2.98 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
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營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
3.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies. |
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回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec=20). |
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釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100). 🛈 |
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價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown. |
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營養素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 21.1 [4.1, 95.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.68 [0.18, 2.01] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.201 [0.090, 0.442] g/100g; Selenium = 28.1 [8.6, 83.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.36 [2.35, 22.58] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.646 [0.318, 1.171] mg/100g (wet weight); |