Heterodontus francisci (Girard, 1855)
Horn shark
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Heterodontus francisci AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Heterodontus francisci
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Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) > Heterodontiformes (Bullhead and horn sharks) > Heterodontidae (Bullhead, horn, or Port Jackson sharks)
Etymology: Heterodontus: heteros (Gr.), different; odontos (Gr.), tooth, referring to pointy teeth (for clutching prey) at front of jaws, different than rounded molar-like teeth (for grinding hard-shelled invertebrates) at the back (See ETYFish); francisci: Of Francisco, probably referring to San Francisco (city and/or bay), California, USA (although its range does not extend that far north of its type locality, Monterey Bay) (See ETYFish).
Eponymy: The original description has no etymology but the specific name probably derives from the city of San Francisco (although the holotype was collected from Monterey Bay rather than San Francisco Bay). (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Girard.
Etymology: Heterodontus: heteros (Gr.), different; odontos (Gr.), tooth, referring to pointy teeth (for clutching prey) at front of jaws, different than rounded molar-like teeth (for grinding hard-shelled invertebrates) at the back (See ETYFish); francisci: Of Francisco, probably referring to San Francisco (city and/or bay), California, USA (although its range does not extend that far north of its type locality, Monterey Bay) (See ETYFish).
Eponymy: The original description has no etymology but the specific name probably derives from the city of San Francisco (although the holotype was collected from Monterey Bay rather than San Francisco Bay). (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Girard.
Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 0 - 152 m (Ref. 106604), usually 2 - 11 m (Ref. 9253). Subtropical; 37°N - 15°S, 124°W - 75°W
Verspreiding Gebieden | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Verspreidingskaart | Introducties | Faunafri
Eastern Pacific: central California, USA to the Gulf of California, and probably Ecuador and Peru.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm ?, range 59 - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 247); common length : 97.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 247); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 12 Jaren (Ref. 72467)
Max length : 122 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 247); common length : 97.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 247); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 12 Jaren (Ref. 72467)
Sluggish, nocturnal, and mostly solitary species. Inhabit rocky bottoms, kelp beds, sandy draws between rocks, on sand flats, deep crevices and small caves and also large underwater caverns. Adults tend to return to the same resting place every day (Ref. 43278). Feed on benthic invertebrates, especially sea urchins, crabs and probably abalone, also fishes. Oviparous (Ref. 50449). May bite back when harassed. Has broad muscular paired fins used as limbs for clambering on the bottom. Catch reduced to fish meal; fin spines used in production of jewels.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Oviparous (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Courtship starts when the male chases the female, then when both are ready, they drop to the bottom (Ref. 43278). During courtship and prior to copulation, the male bites and wraps its body to the female pectoral fin, body, tail, and gills (Ref. 51127, 49562). The male then inserts a single clasper in the female's cloaca; copulation lasts 30 to 40 min. After one or two weeks later, the eggs are laid in about 11 to 14 intervals for 4 months which were deposited under rocks or in crevices, as was observed in nature. In captivity, the female drops the eggs on the bottom where the contents of the egg cases maybe eaten by these sharks; the eggs are hatched in 7 to 9 months. The young begin to feed one month after hatching (Ref. 43278).
Hoofdreferentie
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Compagno, L.J.V., 2001. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Vol. 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 1(2):269 p. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 43278)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 June 2024
CITES
Not Evaluated
Gevaar voor de mens
Traumatogenic (Ref. 247)
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
FAO - visserij: soortsprofiel; Publication: search | FishSource |
Meer informatie
Trofische ecologie
Voedsel (prooien)
Dieetsamenstelling
Voedselconsumptie
Voedselrantsoenen
Predatoren
Voedsel (prooien)
Dieetsamenstelling
Voedselconsumptie
Voedselrantsoenen
Predatoren
Populatiedynamica
Groeiparameters
Max. leeftijden / maten
Lengte-gewicht rel.
Lengte-lengte rel.
Lengtefrequenties
Massaconversie
Rekrutering
Abundantie
Groeiparameters
Max. leeftijden / maten
Lengte-gewicht rel.
Lengte-lengte rel.
Lengtefrequenties
Massaconversie
Rekrutering
Abundantie
Levenscyclus
Voortplanting
Maturiteit
Rijpheid/kieuwen rel.
Fecunditeit
Paaien
Paaibestanden
Eieren
Ontwikkeling van de eieren
Larven
Larvale populatiedynamiek
Voortplanting
Maturiteit
Rijpheid/kieuwen rel.
Fecunditeit
Paaien
Paaibestanden
Eieren
Ontwikkeling van de eieren
Larven
Larvale populatiedynamiek
Fysiologie
Lichaamssamenstelling
Voedingsstoffen
Zuurstofverbruik
Type zwemmen
Zwemsnelheid
Visuele pigmenten
Vis geluid
Ziekten en parasieten
Toxiciteit (LC50)
Lichaamssamenstelling
Voedingsstoffen
Zuurstofverbruik
Type zwemmen
Zwemsnelheid
Visuele pigmenten
Vis geluid
Ziekten en parasieten
Toxiciteit (LC50)
Menselijk gerelateerd
Aquacultuursystemen
Aquacultuurprofielen
Kweeklijnen
Ciguatera gevallen
Postzegels, munten, diversen.
Aquacultuursystemen
Aquacultuurprofielen
Kweeklijnen
Ciguatera gevallen
Postzegels, munten, diversen.
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Schattingen op basis van modellen
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Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5029 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00437 (0.00233 - 0.00817), b=3.15 (2.98 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
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Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278) |
3.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies. |
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Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179) |
laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Fec=20). |
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Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100). 🛈 |
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Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown. |
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Voedingsstoffen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 21.1 [4.1, 95.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.68 [0.18, 2.01] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.201 [0.090, 0.442] g/100g; Selenium = 28.1 [8.6, 83.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.36 [2.35, 22.58] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.646 [0.318, 1.171] mg/100g (wet weight); |