محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق 10 - 328 m (Ref. 56504), usually 100 - 300 m (Ref. 35388). Subtropical; 61°N - 14°N, 32°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea: from Scotland, Norway, south to Senegal, including Azores and Madeira, Cape Verde, and east to Turkey and Georgia.
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm 11.5, range 10 - ? cm
Max length : 38.2 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 88921); common length : 20.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 4845); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 680.00 g (Ref. 88921)
Found on gravel, sand and mud bottoms of the continental shelf. Depth range from 10-300 m (Ref. 07313) and up to depth of 328 in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feeds on small benthic crustaceans, worms and mollusks (Ref. 4845). Marketed mainly fresh (Ref. 9987).
Ben-Tuvia, A., 1990. Mullidae. p. 827-829. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7313)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00871 (0.00798 - 0.00951), b=3.09 (3.06 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
سطح تروفیک (مرجع 69278) |
3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
3.3 (2.7 - 4.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 52 growth studies. |
جهندگی (مرجع 120179) |
پايين ، كم, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 5/4 – 14 سال (K=0.11-0.5; tmax=11; tm=1-2). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.68, 95% CL = 0.45 - 1.02, Based on 27 full stock assessments. |
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈 |
آسیبپذیری اقلیمی (Ref. 125649) |
Low vulnerability (13 of 100). 🛈 |
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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مواد مغذی (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 80.2 [44.6, 166.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.473 [0.187, 1.774] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.783 [0.501, 1.241] g/100g; Selenium = 23.5 [11.0, 50.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.5 [4.5, 47.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.249 [0.163, 0.554] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |