分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays)
土魟科 (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
More on authors: Compagno & Roberts.
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性. 熱帶
Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand (Chao Phraya, Mekong and Tapi Rivers).
亞洲: 印尼,馬來西亞與泰國 (湄南河,湄公河與塔披河).
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7050)
Narrow white marginal band around disk; white spot anterior to spiracle and posterior to eye; ventral surface plain; spiral valve with 11-14 turns (Ref. 12693).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
圓盤的周圍狹窄的白色邊緣的條紋; 白色的斑點位於呼吸孔前而且在眼後面; 腹面平原; 具有 11-14個旋轉的螺旋形的瓣膜.(參考文獻 12693)
Inhabits sandy bottoms in estuaries and rivers (Ref. 12693). Feeds on bottom-dwelling crustaceans and shellfish. Breeds in fresh water (Ref. 32457). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Wounds caused by the dorsal spines are extremely painful and can be fatal. Sold fresh for human consumption (Ref. 32457). Total length maybe greater than 200 cm.
在河口與河中棲息於砂質底部。 (參考文獻 12693) 吃底棲的甲殼動物與貝。 繁殖於淡水。 (參考文獻 32457) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 由背部棘引起的創傷非常令人痛苦而且可能是致命。 生鮮販賣供人類消費了。 (參考文獻 32457) 體全長也許大於 200 公分。
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).亞洲: 印尼,馬來西亞與泰國 (湄南河,湄公河與塔披河).
Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo, 1993. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 221 p. (Ref. 7050)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
瀕危 (EN) (A2cd); Date assessed: 25 January 2021
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01023 (0.00486 - 0.02155), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items. |
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Assuming Fec<10). |
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (77 of 100). 🛈 |
價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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