Chanos chanos, Milkfish : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, bait

Chanos chanos (Fabricius, 1775)

Milkfish
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Chanos chanos   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Chanos chanos (Milkfish)
Chanos chanos
Immagine di Gomen See@114°E Hong Kong Reef Fish Survey

Classificazione / Nomi Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gonorynchiformes (Milkfishes) > Chanidae (Milkfish)
Etymology: Chanos: Greek, chanos, -eos, ous, and chasma, -atos = abyss, mouth opened, inmensity (Ref. 45335).

Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione Ecologia

marino; acqua dolce; salmastro benthopelagico; amfidromo (Ref. 9814); distribuzione batimetrica 1 - 30 m (Ref. 6898), usually ? - 15 m (Ref. 89972). Tropical; 15°C - 43°C (Ref. 43081); 46°N - 52°S, 19°E - 77°W

Distribuzione Territories | Aree FAO | Ecosistemi | Presenze | Mappa dei ritrovamenti | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: South Africa to Red Sea, to Hawaii and the Marquesas, north to Japan, south to Victoria, Australia. Eastern Pacific: San Pedro, California to the Galapagos.

Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età

Maturità: Lm 86.1, range 68 - 70 cm
Max length : 180 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9710); 124.0 cm SL (female); common length : 100.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9814); peso massimo pubblicato: 14.0 kg (Ref. 9814); Età massima riportata: 15 anni (Ref. 9814)

Breve descrizione Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale) : 2; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 13 - 17; Spine anali: 2; Raggi anali molli: 8 - 10; Vertebre: 46. This species is characterized by the following: body elongate and somewhat compressed; mouth small and toothless; single dorsal about mid-level of the body; pectoral fins falcate; caudal fin large and deeply forked; no scutes on belly; branchiostegal rays 4. Colour of the body olive green dorsally; flanks silvery; unpaired fins with dark margins (Ref. 49, 117228).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.

Biologia     Glossario (es. epibenthic)

Adults are found in offshore marine waters and shallow coastal embayments, but also frequently enter estuaries and occasionally penetrate freshwater streams, along continental shelves and around islands, where temperatures are greater than 20°C. (Ref. 44894, 52331). They occur in small to large schools near the coasts or around islands where reefs are well developed. Eggs and larvae are pelagic up to 2-3 weeks. Older larvae migrate onshore and settle in coastal wetlands (mangroves, estuaries) during the juvenile stage, or occasionally enter freshwater lakes. Juveniles and sub-adults return to sea where they mature sexually. Mature adults spawn only in fully saline water. Larvae eat zooplankton; juveniles and adults eat cyanobacteria, soft algae, small benthic invertebrates, and even pelagic fish eggs and larvae. Larvae are collected from rivers and are grown in culture ponds into juveniles which are marketed fresh, smoked, canned or frozen. Brood stocks can be raised and spawned in captivity to produce larvae in the hatchery (Ref. 12868). This species can thrive and grow in water as hot as 32° C (Ref. 9987).

Ciclo vitale e comportamento di accoppiamento Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecondità | Larve

Spawns in clear shallow waters above a bottom of sand or coral and at a distance of not more than 30 km from the shore. Females spawn up to 5 million eggs which hatch in about 24 hr. The larvae seek out clear coastal and estuarine waters warmer than 23°C with 10-32 salinity and abundant phytoplankton. Spawning and fertilization take place at night.

Riferimento principale Caricare le referenze | Bibliografia | Coordinatore | Collaboratori

Bagarinao, T., 1994. Systematics, distribution, genetics and life history of milkfish, Chanos chanos. Environ. Biol. Fishes 39(1):23-41. (Ref. 9814)

Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 23 June 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Minaccia per l'uomo

  Harmless





Usi umani

Pesca: elevato interesse commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si; esca: usually
FAO - Sistemi di acquacoltura: profilo della specie, production search; pesca: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Informazioni ulteriori

Ecologia trofica
Articoli alimentari (prede)
Alimentazione
Consumo di cibo
Razioni alimentari
Predatori
Ecologia
Ecologia
Ciclo di vita
Riproduzione
Maturità
Maturità/Gli occhielli sono relativi.
Fecondità
Deposizione
Aggregazioni riproduttive
Uova
Sviluppo delle uova
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Anatomia
Area branchiale
Cervello
Otolite
Fisiologia
Composizione corporea
Nutrienti
Consumo di ossigeno
Tipo di nuoto
Velocità di nuoto
Pigmenti visivi
Suono del pesce
Malattie e parassiti
Tossicità (LC50)
Legato all'uomo
Sistemi di acquacoltura
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Casi di Ciguatera
Francobolli, monete, materiale vario.
Raggiungimento
Collaboratori
Bibliografia
Bibliografia

Strumenti

Rapporti speciali

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Fonti Internet

Stime basate su modelli

Indice di diversità filogenetica
(Fonte Biblio. 82804)
PD50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00851 (0.00655 - 0.01106), b=3.06 (2.98 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Livello trofico
(Fonte Biblio. 69278)
2.5   ±0.14 se; based on food items.
Resilienza
(Fonte Biblio. 120179)
Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (tm=4-8; tmax=15; Fec=200,000).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Vulnerabilità della pesca
(Ref. 59153)
Very high vulnerability (76 of 100). 🛈
Vulnerabilità climatica
(Ref. 125649)
High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100). 🛈
Categoria di prezzo
(Ref. 80766)
Unknown.
Nutrienti
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 46.4 [25.2, 89.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.661 [0.361, 1.169] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [15.5, 22.5] %; Omega3 = 0.111 [0.053, 0.225] g/100g; Selenium = 87.2 [39.4, 201.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.4 [3.5, 34.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.39 [0.95, 2.06] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.