Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 0 - 180 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 35°N - 31°S, 33°E - 134°W (Ref. 55)
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 45.0, range 42 - 50 cm
Max length : 112 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 7196); common length : 90.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5450); max. veröff. Gewicht: 15.4 kg (Ref. 40637); max. veröff. Alter: 32 Jahre (Ref. 125573)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 10; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 11; Afterflossenstacheln: 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body elongate and robust; very distinct horizontal groove on snout ventral to nostrils; teeth in both jaws in bands, with strong canines anteriorly; teeth on roof of mouth in chevron- or crescent-shaped patch on vomer and in elongate band on each palatine; maxilla without scales or longitudinal ridges; interorbital region flattened; gill rakers on first gill arch 7-8 + 13-16 = 20-24; preopercular edge smooth, sometimes denticulated in juveniles; last soft ray of both dorsal and anal fins well produced, longer than next to last ray; caudal fin forked; short pectoral fins, less than 1/2 length of head, about equal to length of snout; D X,11 soft rays; membranes of dorsal and anal fins without scales; tubed lateral-line scales 48-50. Colour of body dark green, bluish, or grey-blue (Ref. 55, 9821).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults inhabit open waters of deep lagoons, channels, or seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Found in benthopelagic waters (Ref. 58302). Usually seen singly, but also in groups. They feed mainly on fishes, but also on shrimps, crabs, cephalopods and planktonic organisms (Ref. 30573, 48635). Mainly marketed fresh but also dried and salted. Excellent eating. Large individuals may be ciguatoxic (Ref. 37816).
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 4690)
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: hoch kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja; Aquarium: Kommerziell
Tools
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Internet Quellen
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01380 (0.01172 - 0.01625), b=2.94 (2.89 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278) |
4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
3.8 (3.3 - 7.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12 growth studies. |
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179) |
sehr niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert mehr als 14 Jahre. (K=0.09-0.3; tmax=32; tm=4-5;). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.42, Based on 1 full stock assessment. |
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 🛈 |
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 19.1 [9.1, 35.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.514 [0.226, 0.991] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.153 [0.091, 0.252] g/100g; Selenium = 40.7 [20.9, 75.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 87.7 [31.2, 272.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.56 [0.42, 2.27] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |