Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino associati a barriera corallina; distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 180 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical; 35°N - 31°S, 33°E - 134°W (Ref. 55)
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 45.0, range 42 - 50 cm
Max length : 112 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 7196); common length : 90.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5450); peso massimo pubblicato: 15.4 kg (Ref. 40637); Età massima riportata: 32 anni (Ref. 125573)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 10; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 11; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body elongate and robust; very distinct horizontal groove on snout ventral to nostrils; teeth in both jaws in bands, with strong canines anteriorly; teeth on roof of mouth in chevron- or crescent-shaped patch on vomer and in elongate band on each palatine; maxilla without scales or longitudinal ridges; interorbital region flattened; gill rakers on first gill arch 7-8 + 13-16 = 20-24; preopercular edge smooth, sometimes denticulated in juveniles; last soft ray of both dorsal and anal fins well produced, longer than next to last ray; caudal fin forked; short pectoral fins, less than 1/2 length of head, about equal to length of snout; D X,11 soft rays; membranes of dorsal and anal fins without scales; tubed lateral-line scales 48-50. Colour of body dark green, bluish, or grey-blue (Ref. 55, 9821).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults inhabit open waters of deep lagoons, channels, or seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Found in benthopelagic waters (Ref. 58302). Usually seen singly, but also in groups. They feed mainly on fishes, but also on shrimps, crabs, cephalopods and planktonic organisms (Ref. 30573, 48635). Mainly marketed fresh but also dried and salted. Excellent eating. Large individuals may be ciguatoxic (Ref. 37816).
Ciclo vitale e comportamento di accoppiamento
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecondità | Larve
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 4690)
Usi umani
Pesca: elevato interesse commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si; Acquario: Commerciale
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
Scarica XML
Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio. 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01380 (0.01172 - 0.01625), b=2.94 (2.89 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio. 69278) |
4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
3.8 (3.3 - 7.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12 growth studies. |
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179) |
Molto basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione più di 14 anni (K=0.09-0.3; tmax=32; tm=4-5;). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.42, Based on 1 full stock assessment. |
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria di prezzo (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Nutrienti (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 19.1 [9.1, 35.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.514 [0.226, 0.991] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.2, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.153 [0.091, 0.252] g/100g; Selenium = 40.7 [20.9, 75.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 87.7 [31.2, 272.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.56 [0.42, 2.27] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |