Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes, 1839)
Bull shark
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Carcharhinus leucas AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
アップロード 写真 そして ビデオ
画像 | ビデオ | 切手、コイン、その他 | グーグルの画像
Carcharhinus leucas
画像によって Randall, J.E.
画像 | ビデオ | 切手、コイン、その他 | グーグルの画像
画像によって Randall, J.E.
分類 / 名前 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
板鰓亜鋼(サメとエイ類) (sharks and rays) > Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) > Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin (See ETYFish); leucas: From leukos (Gr.), white, referring to its body color, usually grayish with white underside [authorship often attributed to Müller & Henle, who published Valenciennes’ description] (See ETYFish).
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin (See ETYFish); leucas: From leukos (Gr.), white, referring to its body color, usually grayish with white underside [authorship often attributed to Müller & Henle, who published Valenciennes’ description] (See ETYFish).
環境：環境 / 気候帯 / 深さの範囲 / 分布範囲 生態学
海; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の 関連する礁; 両側回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 1 - 164 m (Ref. 106604), usually 1 - 30 m (Ref. 55183). Subtropical; 42°N - 39°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 55182)
分布 領土 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | 目的のマップ | 導入 | Faunafri
Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical waters (Ref. 81283): widespread in warm oceans, rivers and lakes (Ref. 4716). Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to Argentina (Ref. 58839); eastern Atlantic: Morocco, Senegal to Angola (Ref. 81283, 81623); Indo-Pacific: Kenya and South Africa to India, then, Viet Nam to Australia; southern Baja California, Mexico to Ecuador and possibly occurring in Peru. Africa: in freshwater found in rivers of West Africa from Gambia River to Ogowe River (Ref. 81283) and in the Cuanza in Angola (Ref. 120641).
Sympatric with Carcharhinus amboinensis, Glyphis gangeticus.
初回成熟時の長さ / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
成熟: Lm 201.0, range 180 - 230 cm
Max length : 360 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 85726); 400.0 cm TL (female); common length : 260 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 9253); 最大公表体重: 316.5 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大記録サイズ: 32 年 (Ref. 42004)
Max length : 360 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 85726); 400.0 cm TL (female); common length : 260 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 9253); 最大公表体重: 316.5 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大記録サイズ: 32 年 (Ref. 42004)
簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 肛門の骨: 0. Diagnosis: Carcharhinus leucas is a massive shark with a short, broad and blunt snout, small eyes and triangular saw-edged upper teeth, and lack of interdorsal ridge, characters which are sufficient to distinguish this species (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
A coastal and freshwater shark inhabiting shallow waters especially in bays, estuaries, rivers, and lakes (Ref. 244). It readily penetrates far up rivers and hypersaline bays and littoral lagoons (Ref. 9997, 44894, 81283). Capable of covering great distances (up to 180 kilometers in 24 hours), moving between fresh and brackish water at random (Ref. 44894). Adults often found near estuaries and freshwater inflows to the sea; young enter rivers and may be found hundreds of km from the sea (Ref. 4967, 44894, 58304). Feeds on bony fishes, other sharks, rays, mantis shrimps, crabs, squid, sea snails, sea urchins, mammalian carrion, sea turtles, and occasionally garbage (Ref. 244, 5578, 44894). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Gives birth to litters of up to 13 young (Ref. 26938, 44894). Size at birth is 56-81 cm TL (Ref. 81623). Sexual maturity is attained after 10-15 years (at a length between 160-200 centimeters) (Ref. 44894). Though not commercially important, this species is a good food fish (Ref. 12484). Utilized fresh, fresh-frozen or smoked for human consumption, fins for soup, hide for leather, liver for oil, and carcass for fishmeal (Ref. 244). Very hardy and lives well in captivity (Ref. 244). This large shark is potentially dangerous to man (Ref. 81283), probably the most dangerous species of tropical shark (Ref. 244), and it is repeatedly implicated in attacks on humans (Ref. 4967, 44894); attacks in fresh water are rare (Ref. 44894).
ライフサイクルと交尾行動 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Viviparpous, with a yolk-sac placenta, 1-13 young in a litter. Size at birth about 60 cm TL (Ref. 9997). In the western North Atlantic off Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, and off South Africa, young are born in late spring or early summer. Off Nicaragua, females may have young throughout the year, with a peak in spring and early summer. Estimated gestation period is 10 to 11 months (Ref. 244). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Females often have courtship scars, but males are rarely seen with fighting scars (Ref. 244).
主な参考文献
参考文献のアップロード | 参考文献 | コーディネーター : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | 協力者
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
脆弱 (VU) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 24 November 2020
人間に対する脅威
Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)
人間の用途
水産業: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
FAO - 水産業: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | 私達の周りの海
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インターネットの情報源
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モデルに基づく推定値
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系統多様性指数 (参照 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00501 (0.00406 - 0.00618), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
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栄養段階 (参照 69278) |
4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies. |
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回復力 (参照 120179) |
非常に低い, １４年以上の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.04-0.15; tm=6-21; tmax=32; Fec=1-13). |
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漁業の脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (82 of 100). 🛈 |
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価格帯 (Ref. 80766) |
Medium. |
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栄養素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 2.56 [0.48, 14.67] mg/100g; Iron = 0.304 [0.074, 0.932] mg/100g; Protein = 23 [20, 25] %; Omega3 = 0.151 [0.052, 0.397] g/100g; Selenium = 17.1 [5.0, 54.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28 [7, 105] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.431 [0.202, 0.866] mg/100g (wet weight); |