Carcharhinus leucas, Bull shark : fisheries, gamefish

Carcharhinus leucas (Valenciennes, 1839)

Bull shark
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Carcharhinus leucas   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Carcharhinus leucas (Bull shark)
Carcharhinus leucas
Fotografia de Randall, J.E.

Classificação / Nomes Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) > Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) > Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Carcharhinus: karcharos (Gr.), sharp or jagged; rhinus, an ancient name for sharks, from rhine (Gr.), rasp, both words alluding to a shark's jagged, rasp-like skin (See ETYFish)leucas: From leukos (Gr.), white, referring to its body color, usually grayish with white underside [authorship often attributed to Müller & Henle, who published Valenciennes’ description] (See ETYFish).

Ambiente: milieu / zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / gama de distribuição Ecologia

marinhas; Água doce; estuarina associadas(os) a recifes; anfídromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 1 - 164 m (Ref. 106604), usually 1 - 30 m (Ref. 55183). Subtropical; 42°N - 39°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 55182)

Distribuição Territórios | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Mapa dos pontos | Introduções | Faunafri

Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical waters (Ref. 81283): widespread in warm oceans, rivers and lakes (Ref. 4716). Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to Argentina (Ref. 58839); eastern Atlantic: Morocco, Senegal to Angola (Ref. 81283, 81623); Indo-Pacific: Kenya and South Africa to India, then, Viet Nam to Australia; southern Baja California, Mexico to Ecuador and possibly occurring in Peru. Africa: in freshwater found in rivers of West Africa from Gambia River to Ogowe River (Ref. 81283) and in the Cuanza in Angola (Ref. 120641). Sympatric with Carcharhinus amboinensis, Glyphis gangeticus.

Comprimento na primeira maturidade / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturidade: Lm 201.0, range 180 - 230 cm
Max length : 360 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 85726); 400.0 cm TL (female); common length : 260 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 9253); peso máx. Publicado: 316.5 kg (Ref. 40637); Idade máx. registada: 32 anos (Ref. 42004)

Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Espinhos anais: 0. Diagnosis: Carcharhinus leucas is a massive shark with a short, broad and blunt snout, small eyes and triangular saw-edged upper teeth, and lack of interdorsal ridge, characters which are sufficient to distinguish this species (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Biologia     Glossário (ex. epibenthic)

A coastal and freshwater shark inhabiting shallow waters especially in bays, estuaries, rivers, and lakes (Ref. 244). It readily penetrates far up rivers and hypersaline bays and littoral lagoons (Ref. 9997, 44894, 81283). Capable of covering great distances (up to 180 kilometers in 24 hours), moving between fresh and brackish water at random (Ref. 44894). Adults often found near estuaries and freshwater inflows to the sea; young enter rivers and may be found hundreds of km from the sea (Ref. 4967, 44894, 58304). Feeds on bony fishes, other sharks, rays, mantis shrimps, crabs, squid, sea snails, sea urchins, mammalian carrion, sea turtles, and occasionally garbage (Ref. 244, 5578, 44894). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Gives birth to litters of up to 13 young (Ref. 26938, 44894). Size at birth is 56-81 cm TL (Ref. 81623). Sexual maturity is attained after 10-15 years (at a length between 160-200 centimeters) (Ref. 44894). Though not commercially important, this species is a good food fish (Ref. 12484). Utilized fresh, fresh-frozen or smoked for human consumption, fins for soup, hide for leather, liver for oil, and carcass for fishmeal (Ref. 244). Very hardy and lives well in captivity (Ref. 244). This large shark is potentially dangerous to man (Ref. 81283), probably the most dangerous species of tropical shark (Ref. 244), and it is repeatedly implicated in attacks on humans (Ref. 4967, 44894); attacks in fresh water are rare (Ref. 44894).

Ciclo de vida e comportamento de acasalamento Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas

Viviparpous, with a yolk-sac placenta, 1-13 young in a litter. Size at birth about 60 cm TL (Ref. 9997). In the western North Atlantic off Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, and off South Africa, young are born in late spring or early summer. Off Nicaragua, females may have young throughout the year, with a peak in spring and early summer. Estimated gestation period is 10 to 11 months (Ref. 244). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Females often have courtship scars, but males are rarely seen with fighting scars (Ref. 244).

Referência principal Carregar as suas referências | Referências | Coordenador : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | Colaboradores

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Vulnerável (VU) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 24 November 2020

CITES


CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

  Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)





Utilização humana

Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe desportivo: sim
FAO - pescarias: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimativas baseadas em modelos

Índice de diversidade filogenética
(Ref. 82804)
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00501 (0.00406 - 0.00618), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Nível Trófico
(Ref. 69278)
4.3   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência
(Ref. 120179)
Muito baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (K=0.04-0.15; tm=6-21; tmax=32; Fec=1-13).
Vulnerabilidade da pesca
(Ref. 59153)
Very high vulnerability (82 of 100). 🛈
Categoria de preço
(Ref. 80766)
Medium.
Nutrientes
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 2.56 [0.48, 14.67] mg/100g; Iron = 0.304 [0.074, 0.932] mg/100g; Protein = 23 [20, 25] %; Omega3 = 0.151 [0.052, 0.397] g/100g; Selenium = 17.1 [5.0, 54.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28 [7, 105] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.431 [0.202, 0.866] mg/100g (wet weight);