Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
; sötvatten; brackvatten bottenlevande. Tropical; 11°N - 8°S, 77°W - 34°W
South America: Gulf of Paria to Pernambuco, Brazil.
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 97.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217); common length : 50.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217); publicerad maxvikt: 30.0 kg (Ref. 5217); rapporterad maxålder: 5 år (Ref. 51994)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 1. The head is rounded and flattened on the upper part. The mouth is slightly inferior. It has 3 pairs of barbels (1 pair of maxillary barbels and 2 pairs of mandibular barbels. The cephalic surface is very rough (Ref. 35381).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Confined chiefly to turbid waters in estuaries and the lower parts of rivers. Its delicate flesh is highly valued (Ref. 27188). Two annual cycles of slower growth are know during the two dry seasons (March and August to November). Probably has a short life span. In the beginning of reproduction, the male's mouth changes to function as a egg repository (buccal incubation). The female lays down her eggs in a sandy depression, then after fertilization, the male puts the eggs into its mouth which is provided with ventilation until hatching. Eggs diameter is about 2 mm and its number varies from 100 to 165 per female. Feeds mainly on crustaceans (Ref. 35381). Marketed fresh and salted.
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Distinct pairing. Mouth brooding may be employed (Ref. 205).
Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Traumatogenic (Ref. 58010)
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00676 (0.00415 - 0.01101), b=3.16 (3.02 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
3.9 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K = 0.45; tmax = 5). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.84, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 107 [59, 230] mg/100g; Iron = 1.07 [0.66, 1.81] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [15.6, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.166 [0.093, 0.303] g/100g; Selenium = 77.1 [39.1, 154.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.43 [3.64, 19.18] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.966 [0.654, 1.447] mg/100g (wet weight); |