Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; payau berasosiasi dengan karang; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 20 - 200 m (Ref. 36128). Subtropical; 32°N - 35°S, 18°E - 157°E
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Philippines, north to southern Japan and Korea, south to northern Australia. Introduced into the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 45.7  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 7050); common length : 60.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3476); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 3.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 9 - 10; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 13; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 13. Brownish or grayish above, whitish below; caudal fin 2-3 horizontal black stripes (Ref. 4315). Head strongly depressed. Preopercular spines 2, lower usually longest. Vomerine teeth in a single transverse band. Dorsal fin I,VII,I, I,I,VII,I or I,VIII, 13. Anteriormost lateral line scale usually with a small spine or ridge. Diagonal scale rows slanting backward above lateral line 83-107. Iris lappet a single elongated lobe. Identified by the distinctive color pattern on the caudal fin: centrally yellow and black stripes on upper and lower margins (Ref. 48635).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Found on sandy and muddy bottoms of coastal waters (Ref. 5213, 48635). Frequently in estuaries, juveniles have been taken in freshwater. Taken by handlining and seining in shallow waters and by trawling at depths to 30 m, usually less (Ref. 9790). A good food fish (Ref. 4315) that is marketed fresh (Ref. 5284). Commercially cultured in Japan. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Budidaya air: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.00447 (0.00366 - 0.00545), b=3.09 (3.03 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
3.6 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (tmax=7). |
|
Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.64, 95% CL = 0.42 - 0.96, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100). 🛈 |
Kerentanan Iklim (Ref. 125649) |
Very high vulnerability (79 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
|
Nutrisi (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 43.2 [3.4, 132.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.32, 3.24] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.5, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.211 [0.090, 0.614] g/100g; Selenium = 48.1 [16.2, 149.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.9 [8.7, 99.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.763 [0.357, 1.425] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |