Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution
Écologie
marin démersal; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 55 - 525 m (Ref. 5222). Tropical; 43°N - 34°S, 98°W - 35°W
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to the Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, Trinidad, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo (Ref. 47377), Brazil. Rare in the West Indies (Cuba, Haiti, and Trinidad). Reports from the eastern Pacific are apparently misidentifications of Epinephelus exsul.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5222); poids max. publié: 198.1 kg (Ref. 4699); âge max. reporté: 91 années (Ref. 127586)
Épines dorsales (Total) : 10; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 13 - 15; Épines anales: 3; Rayons mous anaux: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: dark reddish brown or brownish grey to almost black dorsally, dull reddish grey below; depth of body contained 2.4-2.6 times in SL; head length 2.1-2.5 times in SL; distinctly convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, rounded angle, with slightly enlarged serrae and with 1-2 small spines on lower edge just in front of angle; smooth interopercle and subopercle; subequal nostrils, posterior nostrils slightly larger; maxilla reaches well past eye; 4-5 rows of small teeth on midside part of lower jaw in adults and juveniles with 2-3 rows (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
A solitary species (Ref. 26340) usually found on rocky bottoms; juveniles are occasionally seen on jetties and shallow reefs (Ref. 89707). Adults feed on a variety of crabs, shrimps, lobsters, and fishes. Marketed fresh.
Cycle de vie et comportement reproducteur
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial; pêche sportive: oui
Outils
Articles particuliers
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Sources Internet
Estimations basées sur des modèles
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01288 (0.00670 - 0.02479), b=3.05 (2.89 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Niveau trophique (Réf. 69278) |
4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items. |
Résilience (Réf. 120179) |
Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.05-0.14; tmax=24). |
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (85 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnérabilité climatique (Ref. 125649) |
High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100). 🛈 |
Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Nutriments (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 40.6 [19.0, 78.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.705 [0.364, 1.349] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.2, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.233 [0.128, 0.425] g/100g; Selenium = 129 [65, 268] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.85 [3.12, 28.03] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.619 [0.422, 0.939] mg/100g (wet weight); |