Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; payau pelagic-neritic; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 100 m (Ref. 26999). Subtropical; 43°N - 37°S, 98°W - 14°E
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (USA), northern Gulf of Mexico, and throughout the Caribbean Sea to Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola, including the Canary Islands and Cape Verde.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 27000); common length : 70.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5217); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.8 kg (Ref. 57401)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 6; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 9; Duri dubur: 2; Sirip dubur lunak: 8. Diagnosis: 102-119 scales in lateral line; no chevrons on the flanks or, if present, not so well marked as in Sphyraena afra (Ref. 57401).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Occurs in shallow and generally turbid coastal water over muddy bottoms, often around river estuaries. Schooling species (Ref. 6949). Occasionally enters estuaries and brackish waters (Ref. 57401). Feeds on mainly on fishes belonging to the Engraulidae, Clupeidae, Lutjanidae and Synodontidae families and also on squid from the Loliginidae family (Ref. 9626). Maximum reported size: 71cm (Ref. 57401). Marketed fresh and salted.
De Sylva, D.P., 1990. Sphyraenidae. p. 860-864. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6949)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00794 (0.00516 - 0.01222), b=2.96 (2.84 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
4.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (79 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nutrisi (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 17.1 [7.1, 41.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.505 [0.233, 1.049] mg/100g; Protein = 20.7 [18.7, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 0.216 [0.093, 0.486] g/100g; Selenium = 26.1 [11.5, 59.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.29 [1.11, 31.59] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.335 [0.219, 0.563] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |