Spicara smaris, Picarel : fisheries, gamefish

Spicara smaris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Picarel
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Spicara smaris   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Spicara smaris (Picarel)
Spicara smaris
Afbeelding van Patzner, R.

Classificatie / Namen Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Spicara: Latin, spicare = furnished with spike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Taxonomic Remarks
Placement in Sparidae from Centracanthidae from Santini et al. (2014:Ref. 95347). Suggestion already made in Garrido-Ramos et al. 1995; Hanel & Sturmbauer 2000; Summerer et al. 2001; Orrell et al. 2002; Orrell & Carpenter 2004; Chiba et al. 2009; Hanel & Tsigenopoulos 2011.

Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied Ecologie

marien pelagic-neritic; diepte 15 - 328 m (Ref. 56504). Subtropical; 47°N - 20°N, 19°W - 42°E

Verspreiding Gebieden | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Verspreidingskaart | Introducties | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: entire Mediterranean, the Black Sea, southern Sea of Azov, and Atlantic coasts from Portugal to Morocco, including the Canary Islands and Madeira (Ref. 7349).

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturiteit: Lm 9.1  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 24.2 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 86700); common length : 14.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3397); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 55.00 g (Ref. 86713)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

This species is distinguished by the following characters: protractile premaxilla; head length equals and longer than body depth; lateral line scales 75 or more; a black spot on the body side above the pectoral fin; body gray above and silvery below; color varies with age, sex and season (Ref. 124120).
Cross section: compressed.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Depth range from 15-170 m but up to depth of 328 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Inhabit Posidonia beds and muddy bottoms. Occur in schools except during breeding (Ref. 7081).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Spawns on detritic sandy bottoms, where the nests are excavated. A brightly colored male actively guards each nest, while females and some males swim above the area. At the end of the incubation period, the males lose their coloration, group into large schools and move to feeding places (Ref. 7081). Also Ref. 103751.

Hoofdreferentie Upload uw referenties | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Heemstra, P.C., 1990. Centracanthidae. p. 768-772. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7349)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 August 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; sportvis: ja
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Meer informatie

Trofische ecologie
Voedsel (prooien)
Dieetsamenstelling
Voedselconsumptie
Voedselrantsoenen
Predatoren
Ecologie
Ecologie
Levenscyclus
Voortplanting
Maturiteit
Rijpheid/kieuwen rel.
Fecunditeit
Paaien
Paaibestanden
Eieren
Ontwikkeling van de eieren
Larven
Larvale populatiedynamiek
Verspreiding
Gebieden
FAO regio's
Ecosystemen
Voorkomen
Introducties
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Anatomie
Kieuwoppervlak
Hersenen
Otoliet
Fysiologie
Lichaamssamenstelling
Voedingsstoffen
Zuurstofverbruik
Type zwemmen
Zwemsnelheid
Visuele pigmenten
Vis geluid
Ziekten en parasieten
Toxiciteit (LC50)
Genetica
genoom
Genetica
Heterozygositeit
Erfelijkheid
Genetische diversiteit
Menselijk gerelateerd
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Internetbronnen

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Bekijk FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genus, Soort(en) | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationale databanken | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Publieke aquaria | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: ga naar, zoek | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Schattingen op basis van modellen

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex
(Ref. 82804)
PD50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.01096 (0.00979 - 0.01227), b=3.00 (2.97 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau
(Ref. 69278)
3.0   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time 2.5 (1.3 - 4.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 17 growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen
(Ref. 120179)
Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.15-3.07(?); tmax=7).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.59, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.89, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij
(Ref. 59153)
Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 🛈
Prijsklasse
(Ref. 80766)
Medium.
Voedingsstoffen
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 115 [57, 226] mg/100g; Iron = 0.677 [0.204, 3.677] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.2, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.664 [0.321, 1.550] g/100g; Selenium = 20.3 [9.3, 40.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.4 [10.3, 121.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.505 [0.198, 1.909] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.