Taxonomic Remarks
Placement in Sparidae from Centracanthidae from Santini et al. (2014:Ref. 95347). Suggestion already made in Garrido-Ramos et al. 1995;
Hanel & Sturmbauer 2000; Summerer et al. 2001;
Orrell et al. 2002; Orrell & Carpenter 2004; Chiba
et al. 2009; Hanel & Tsigenopoulos 2011.
ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် : ပတ်ဝန်းကျင် / ရာသီဥတုဇုန် / အနက္အတိုင္းအတာ / ဖြန့်ဖြူးမှုအပိုင်း
ေဂဟေဗဒကိုေလ့လာေသာ ဘာသာရပ္
ေရငန္တည္ရွိရာအရပ္ pelagic-neritic; အနက္အတိုင္းအတာ 15 - 328 m (Ref. 56504). Subtropical; 47°N - 20°N, 19°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: entire Mediterranean, the Black Sea, southern Sea of Azov, and Atlantic coasts from Portugal to Morocco, including the Canary Islands and Madeira (Ref. 7349).
ပထမအရွယ်တွင် အရှည် / အရြယ္အစား / အေလးခ်ိန္ / အသက္အရြယ္
မိ်ဳးပြားရန္အရြယ္ေရာက္ျပီ: Lm 9.1  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 24.2 cm TL အထီး/လိြင္ခြဲျခားျခင္းမျပဳနုိင္ေသာ; (Ref. 86700); common length : 14.0 cm TL အထီး/လိြင္ခြဲျခားျခင္းမျပဳနုိင္ေသာ; (Ref. 3397); အမ်ားဆံုး ပံုနွိပ္ထုတ္ေ၀ထားေသာ အေလးခ်ိန္: 55.00 g (Ref. 86713)
This species is distinguished by the following characters: protractile premaxilla; head length equals and longer than body depth; lateral line scales 75 or more; a black spot on the body side above the pectoral fin; body gray above and silvery below; color varies with age, sex and season (Ref. 124120).
Cross section: compressed.
Depth range from 15-170 m but up to depth of 328 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Inhabit Posidonia beds and muddy bottoms. Occur in schools except during breeding (Ref. 7081).
Spawns on detritic sandy bottoms, where the nests are excavated. A brightly colored male actively guards each nest, while females and some males swim above the area. At the end of the incubation period, the males lose their coloration, group into large schools and move to feeding places (Ref. 7081). Also Ref. 103751.
Heemstra, P.C., 1990. Centracanthidae. p. 768-772. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7349)
စိုးရိမ္ဖြယ္အေျခအေနသို႔ေရာက္ရွိေန ေသာမ်ိဳးသုဥ္းရွားပါးေတာ့မည့္မ်ိဳးစိတ္မ်ား၏အဆင့္အတန္း (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
လူသားမ်ားကို ထိတ္လန္႔ေျခာက္ျခားေစသည္။
Harmless
လူသားမ်ား၏အသံုးခ်မႈ
ငါးလုပ္ငန္း: စီးပြားေရးအရ အေရးပါမႈအနည္းဆံုး; အေပ်ာ္တန္းငါးမွ်ားျခင္းခံရေသာငါးမ်ိဳးမ်ား: ဟုတ္ကဲ့၊ ဟုတ္ပါသည္။
ပိုမိုေသာသတင္းအခ်က္အလက္မ်ားကိုရယူနုိင္ရန္္
အသံုးျပဳေသာကိရိယာ
ထူးျခားစြာေရးသားထားေသာ တင္ျပစာ
XML ကူးယူရရွိနိုင္ပါသည္
အင္တာနက္အရင္းအျမစ္
မော်ဒယ်များကို အခြေခံ၍ ခန့်မှန်းချက်
Phylogenetic diversity အညွှန်းကိန်း (က်မ္းကိုးစာရင္း 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.01096 (0.00979 - 0.01227), b=3.00 (2.97 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
အစာရရွိမႈကြင္းဆက္နွင့္ အစာစားေသာအေလ့အက်င့္ (က်မ္းကိုးစာရင္း 69278) |
3.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies. |
|
Generation time |
2.5 (1.3 - 4.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 17 growth studies. |
ထိခိုက္ဒဏ္ရာရရွျပီးမွျပန္လည္ေကာင္းမြန္လာေသာ/မ်ိဳးသုဥ္းေပ်ာက္ကြယ္လုနီးပါးျဖစ္ေနျပီမွ ျပန္လည္ေတြ႕ရွိရေသာ (က်မ္းကိုးစာရင္း 120179) |
အလယ္အလတ္, (၁နွစ္နွင့္၄လ မွ ၄နွစ္၄လ အခ်ိန္နွစ္ဆအတြင္း အနည္းဆံုးဦးေရ (K=0.15-3.07(?); tmax=7). |
|
Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.59, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.89, Based on 2 full stock assessments. |
ငါးဖမ်းခြင်း အားနည်းချက် (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100). 🛈 |
ေစ်းနႈန္းအမ်ိဳးအစားကို အဆင့္ဆင့္ခြဲျခားျခင္း (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
|
အာဟာရများ (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 115 [57, 226] mg/100g; Iron = 0.677 [0.204, 3.677] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.2, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.664 [0.321, 1.550] g/100g; Selenium = 20.3 [9.3, 40.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.4 [10.3, 121.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.505 [0.198, 1.909] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |