Περιβάλλον: περιβάλλον / κλιματική ζώνη / εύρος βάθους / εύρος διανομής
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) pelagic-oceanic; ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 71039); εύρος βάθους 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 43). Subtropical; 22°C - 31°C (Ref. 43); 50°N - 45°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 43)
Atlantic Ocean: in tropical and temperate waters. We follow Nakamura 1985 (Ref. 43) in recognizing Makaira mazara and Makaira nigricans as two distinct species chiefly because of differences in the pattern of the lateral line system. Many scientists, however, do not recognize this character as specifically diagnostic and consider the latter species as a single pantropical species occurring in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. Highly migratory species.
Μήκος κατά την πρώτη ωρίμανση / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Ηλικία
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ?, range 50 - ? cm
Max length : 500 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 11441); 500.0 cm TL (female); common length : 290 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 6659); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 636.0 kg (Ref. 40637); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 636.0 kg; μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 20 έτη (Ref. 120707)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 45 - 50; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 19 - 23. Body blue-black above and silvery white below, with about 15 rows of pale cobalt-colored stripes; 1st dorsal fin plain blackish or dark blue, other fins brown black with a tinge of dark blue in some specimens; anal fin bases with a tinge of silvery white. Lateral line a network of interconnecting canals (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
An oceanic species. Water color affects its occurrence, at least in the northern Gulf of Mexico, where the fish show preference for blue water. Rarely gathers in schools and usually found as scattered single individuals. Feeds mainly on fishes but also preys on octopods and squids. Marketed fresh or frozen (Ref. 43). Feeding takes place during daytime. Maturity reached at about 80 cm in males and 50 cm in females (Ref. 36731). Females grow larger (Ref. 4770). Recent study indicates maximum age close to 20 years using a series of deductions in the ¹⁴C dating method (Ref. 120707).
Subripe ova are opaque, white to yellow, and 0.3 to 0.5 mm in diameter. Transparent spherical eggs flowing out of a ripe ovary measured 1 mm in diameter.
Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)
Κατάσταση Κόκκινου Καταλόγου IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Απειλή για τον άνθρωπο
Harmless
Ανθρώπινες χρήσεις
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί
Εργαλεία
Ειδικές εκθέσεις
Λήψη XML
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Εκτιμήσεις βάσει μοντέλων
Δείκτης φυλογενετικής ποικιλότητας (Αναφ. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7505 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00427 (0.00255 - 0.00714), b=3.12 (2.97 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Αναφ. 69278) |
4.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
3.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
Ελαστικότητα (Αναφ. 120179) |
Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (K=0.3-1.5; tmax=20; Fec>10,000). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.66, Based on 6 full stock assessments. |
Ευπάθεια στην αλιεία (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100). 🛈 |
Ευπάθεια στο κλίμα (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100). 🛈 |
Κατηγορία τιμής (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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Θρεπτικά συστατικά (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 23.3 [9.7, 43.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.898 [0.478, 1.711] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [18.5, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.245 [0.123, 0.499] g/100g; Selenium = 71.6 [34.5, 159.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 3.61 [0.99, 13.41] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.283 [0.180, 0.446] mg/100g (wet weight); |