पर्यावरण: पर्यावरण / जलवायु क्षेत्र / गहराई सीमा / वितरण सीमा
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल; खारा ड़िमरसल; कैटाड़रोमस (Ref. 46888); गहराई सीमा 2 - 15 m (Ref. 130217). Subtropical; 65°N - 12°N, 24°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic Ocean: from Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and southern Norway to the Cape Verde archipelago; the Azores archipelago appears to be the westernmost limit of its range; the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins.
प्रथम परिपक्वता पर लंबाई / आकार / वज़न / आयु
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 29.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 35388); common length : 32.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 7399); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 4.5 kg (Ref. 35388); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 25 वर्षो (Ref. 35388)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 5; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 7 - 9; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 8 - 9.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Adults are found inshore in schools, frequently entering brackish lagoons and freshwater (Ref. 30578). They migrate occasionally tending to move northward in summer-time as temperatures rise. Females are larger than males (Ref. 59043). Adults feed mainly on benthic diatoms, epiphytic algae, small invertebrates and detritus (Ref. 2804), juveniles only feed on zooplankton (Ref. 59043). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Reproduction occurs in the sea during winter (Ref. 30578). Eggs and larvae pelagic. Utilized as a food fish (Ref. 4645).
Juveniles around 2.0 cm SL move to coastal lagoons and estuaries in April-June and return to sea in summer (Ref. 59043).
Thomson, J.M., 1986. Mugilidae. p. 344-349. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC; Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3573)
आईयूसीएन रेड लिस्ट स्थिति (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
मनुष्यों के लिए ख़तरा
Harmless
मानव उपयोग
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां; जलजीवालय: सार्वजनिक लजीवालय
साधन
विशेष रिपोर्ट
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
मॉडल पर आधारित अनुमान
जातिवृति विविधता सूचकांक (संदर्भ 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00724 (0.00561 - 0.00936), b=3.11 (3.03 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
ट्रॉफिक स्तर (संदर्भ 69278) |
2.6 ±0.32 se; based on food items. |
लौटाव (संदर्भ 120179) |
निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (K=0.12-0.3; tm=3; tmax=25). |
मछली पकड़ने की भेद्यता (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (63 of 100). 🛈 |
जलवायु भेद्यता (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100). 🛈 |
मूल्य श्रेणी (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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पोषक तत्व (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 39.2 [10.7, 335.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.623 [0.303, 1.151] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.5, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.399 [0.166, 0.964] g/100g; Selenium = 9.58 [3.60, 24.88] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.52 [2.12, 24.93] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.571 [0.342, 0.951] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |