Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Whiting
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Merlangius merlangus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
muatnaik fotos/gambar dan video
Gambar | imej Google
Merlangius merlangus
foto/gambar oleh Morris, P.
Gambar | imej Google
foto/gambar oleh Morris, P.
klasifikasi / Nama Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Gadiformes (Cods) > Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Merlangius: French, merlan = a fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Merlangius: French, merlan = a fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi Ekologi
laut; payau bentopelagis; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 10 - 200 m (Ref. 1371), usually 30 - 100 m (Ref. 1371). Temperate; 72°N - 35°N, 27°W - 42°E
Penyebaran Wilayah | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ekosistem | Kemunculan | peta titik | Introduksi | Faunafri
Northeast Atlantic: southeastern Barents Sea and Iceland to Portugal, also in the Black Sea, Aegean Sea, Adriatic Sea and adjacent areas. Rare in the northwestern Mediterranean.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 28.2, range 28 - 30 cm
Max length : 91.5 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 106276); common length : 23.5 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 1371); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 3.1 kg (Ref. 40637); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 20 Tahun (Ref. 35388)
Max length : 91.5 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 106276); common length : 23.5 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 1371); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 3.1 kg (Ref. 40637); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 20 Tahun (Ref. 35388)
deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 30 - 40; Sirip dubur lunak: 30 - 35. Body elongate; head small. Chin barbel small or absent. Lateral-line canals on head with pores. Color is variable; yellowish-brown, dark blue or green, sides yellowish grey, white and silvery on belly; often with a small dark blotch at the upper base of the pectoral fin.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: circular.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: circular.
More commonly found from 30 to 100 m, mainly on mud and gravel bottoms, but also on sand and rock. Feed on shrimps, crabs, mollusks, small fish, polychaetes and cephalopods. Migrate to the open sea only after the first year of life. Eggs are pelagic. Larvae and juveniles are associated with jellyfish. Upon maturity, small chin barbel characteristic of juveniles disappear (Ref. 53061). Spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten steamed, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).
rujukan utama
Unggah referensi Anda | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
kurang bimbang (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 October 2013
CITES
Not Evaluated
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: bernilai komersial tinggi; Ikan buruan: ya; Akuarium: Akuarium publik
FAO - Perikanan: profail spesis, landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Laut di Sekitar Kita
informasi lanjut
Siklus hidup
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Kedewasaan / insang rel.
Fekunditas
Pemijahan
Agregasi pemijahan
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Kematangan
Kedewasaan / insang rel.
Fekunditas
Pemijahan
Agregasi pemijahan
telur-telur
pekembangan telor
Larva
Dinamika larva
Fisiologi
Komposisi tubuh
Nutrisi
Konsumsi oksigen
Jenis renang
Kecepatan berenang
Pigmen visual
Suara ikan
Penyakit & Parasit
Toksisitas (LC50)
Komposisi tubuh
Nutrisi
Konsumsi oksigen
Jenis renang
Kecepatan berenang
Pigmen visual
Suara ikan
Penyakit & Parasit
Toksisitas (LC50)
Yang berhubungan dengan manusia
Sistem akuakultur
profil budidaya air
Strain
Kasus Ciguatera
Perangko, koin, dll.
Sistem akuakultur
profil budidaya air
Strain
Kasus Ciguatera
Perangko, koin, dll.
Alat, peralatan
Kuis organik | E-book | Penuntun lapangan | Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | tanda freqkuenci panjang | peringkat sejarah hidup | peta titik |
Tangkap-MSY |
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | semak peneliti ikan | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Marga, Jenis | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Perikanan: profail spesis, landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Pangkalan data nasional | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Akuarium publik | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: pergi, Cari | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Catatan Zoologi
Estimasi berdasarkan model
|
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00631 (0.00561 - 0.00710), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
|
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
4.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 5.3 (4.4 - 6.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 23 growth studies. |
|
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (rm=1.1-1.6(?); K=0.07-0.74; tm=1-4; tmax=20; Fec>100,000). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.74, Based on 20 full stock assessments. |
|
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100). 🛈 |
|
Kerentanan Iklim (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100). 🛈 |
|
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Medium. |
|
Nutrisi (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 18 [9, 36] mg/100g; Iron = 0.2 [0.1, 0.6] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 1 [0, 2] g/100g; Selenium = 17.8 [8.2, 36.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [3.0, 48.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.242 [0.129, 0.709] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |