Merluccius merluccius, European hake : fisheries, gamefish

Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758)

European hake
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Merluccius merluccius   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Merluccius merluccius (European hake)
Merluccius merluccius
Photo von Svensen, R.

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet Ökologie

seewasser demersal; tiefenbereich 18 - 1075 m (Ref. 58452), usually 70 - 400 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 76°N - 18°N, 30°W - 42°E (Ref. 58452)

Verbreitung Territorien | FAO Gebiete | Ökosysteme | Vorkommen | Punkt Karte | Einführungen | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland, southward to Mauritania. Also in the Mediterranean Sea and along the southern coast of the Black Sea.

Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter

Geschlechtsreife: Lm 42.1, range 20 - 70 cm
Max length : 140 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 1371); common length : 45.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 1371); max. veröff. Gewicht: 15.0 kg (Ref. 1371); max. veröff. Alter: 20 Jahre (Ref. 35388)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 43 - 51; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 36 - 40. Inside of mouth and branchial cavity black. Second dorsal and anal fins notched. First vertebra and neural spine attached to skull. Vertebrae 50-52.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Minimum depth from Ref. 128002. Found usually between 70 and 370 m depth. Adults live close to the bottom during day-time, but move off-bottom at night. Adults feed mainly on fish (small hakes, anchovies, pilchard, herrings, cod fishes, sardines and gadoid species) and squids. The young feed on crustaceans (especially euphausiids and amphipods). Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Almost entirely marketed fresh, whole or filleted, to specialized restaurants or retail markets (Ref. 58452). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Stocks seem to be over-fished (Ref. 35388).

Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven

Continuous recruitment of oocytes connotes indeterminate fecundity for this species (Ref. 79799).

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Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 October 2015

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Harmless





Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: hoch kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja

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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen

Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex
(Ref. 82804)
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00513 (0.00447 - 0.00588), b=3.11 (3.07 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophische Ebene
(Ref. 69278)
4.4   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time 9.2 (8.5 - 10.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 92 growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit
(Ref. 120179)
mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.1; tm=3, tmax=20; Fecundity=7 million).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.48, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.72, Based on 34 full stock assessments.
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei
(Ref. 59153)
High vulnerability (65 of 100). 🛈
Klimaanfälligkeit
(Ref. 125649)
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). 🛈
Preiskategorie
(Ref. 80766)
High.
Nährstoffe
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 8.42 [4.50, 24.86] mg/100g; Iron = 0.22 [0.08, 0.52] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.7, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.248 [0.172, 0.355] g/100g; Selenium = 34.6 [19.1, 64.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.8 [3.4, 39.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.246 [0.175, 0.341] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.