Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino demersale; distribuzione batimetrica 18 - 1075 m (Ref. 58452), usually 70 - 400 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 76°N - 18°N, 30°W - 42°E (Ref. 58452)
Eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland, southward to Mauritania. Also in the Mediterranean Sea and along the southern coast of the Black Sea.
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 42.1, range 20 - 70 cm
Max length : 140 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 1371); common length : 45.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 1371); peso massimo pubblicato: 15.0 kg (Ref. 1371); Età massima riportata: 20 anni (Ref. 35388)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 43 - 51; Raggi anali molli: 36 - 40. Inside of mouth and branchial cavity black. Second dorsal and anal fins notched. First vertebra and neural spine attached to skull. Vertebrae 50-52.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Minimum depth from Ref. 128002. Found usually between 70 and 370 m depth. Adults live close to the bottom during day-time, but move off-bottom at night. Adults feed mainly on fish (small hakes, anchovies, pilchard, herrings, cod fishes, sardines and gadoid species) and squids. The young feed on crustaceans (especially euphausiids and amphipods). Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Almost entirely marketed fresh, whole or filleted, to specialized restaurants or retail markets (Ref. 58452). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Stocks seem to be over-fished (Ref. 35388).
Continuous recruitment of oocytes connotes indeterminate fecundity for this species (Ref. 79799).
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Harmless
Usi umani
Pesca: elevato interesse commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
Scarica XML
Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00513 (0.00447 - 0.00588), b=3.11 (3.07 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio. 69278) |
4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
9.2 (8.5 - 10.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 92 growth studies. |
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179) |
Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.1; tm=3, tmax=20; Fecundity=7 million). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.48, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.72, Based on 34 full stock assessments. |
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (65 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilità climatica (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria di prezzo (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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Nutrienti (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 8.42 [4.50, 24.86] mg/100g; Iron = 0.22 [0.08, 0.52] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.7, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.248 [0.172, 0.355] g/100g; Selenium = 34.6 [19.1, 64.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.8 [3.4, 39.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.246 [0.175, 0.341] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |