Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut pelagic-neritic; oceanodromus; kisaran kedalaman 3 - 80 m. Subtropical; 13°C - 23°C (Ref. 6); 1°N - 44°S, 110°W - 70°W
Southeast Pacific: from Galapagos to Aguja Point, Peru, south to Easter Island and Chiloé, Chile.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 12.0, range 10 - 12.5 cm
Max length : 20.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 189); common length : 14.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5504); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 3.00 Tahun (Ref. 189)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; Duri dubur: 0. Body elongate, slender, and rounded in cross section; snout long and prominent; lower branch of first gill arch with 34 to 49 gill rakers; anal fin with fewer than 22 rays, located behind dorsal fin base; body shiny blue or green (Ref. 55763). There is a silver stripe along flank in juveniles which disappears with age. The high number of gill rakers distinguishes it from all Pacific species of Anchoa.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
Adults occur mainly within 80 km of coast, forming huge schools, chiefly in surface waters. Are filter-feeders entirely dependent on the rich plankton of the Peruvian Current. In some studies, diatoms constituted as much as 98% of the diet. Large populations of guano birds and pelicans also depend on this fish (Ref. 9988). Utilized as fish meal and oil (Ref. 9988).
Eggs ellipsoidal.
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: bernilai komersial tinggi
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.00457 (0.00362 - 0.00577), b=3.13 (3.09 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan 69278) |
2.9 ±0.38 se; based on food items. |
|
Generation time |
1.3 (1.1 - 1.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 60 growth studies. |
Daya lenting (Acuan 120179) |
Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (K=0.6-0.9; tm=1; tmax=3; batch fecundity > 10,000). |
|
Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.83, 95% CL = 0.54 - 1.24, Based on 3 full stock assessments. |
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (17 of 100). 🛈 |
Kerentanan Iklim (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈 |
kategori harga (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
|
Nutrisi (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 233 [104, 574] mg/100g; Iron = 1.55 [0.73, 3.65] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.4, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.764 [0.444, 1.331] g/100g; Selenium = 16.8 [7.9, 39.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11 [2, 47] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.18 [0.73, 1.89] mg/100g (wet weight); |