Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución
Ecología
marino pelagic-neritic; oceanodromo; rango de profundidad 3 - 80 m. Subtropical; 13°C - 23°C (Ref. 6); 1°N - 44°S, 110°W - 70°W
Southeast Pacific: from Galapagos to Aguja Point, Peru, south to Easter Island and Chiloé, Chile.
Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm 12.0, range 10 - 12.5 cm
Max length : 20.0 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 189); common length : 14.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 5504); edad máxima reportada: 3.00 años (Ref. 189)
Descripción breve
Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría
Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Espinas anales: 0. Body elongate, slender, and rounded in cross section; snout long and prominent; lower branch of first gill arch with 34 to 49 gill rakers; anal fin with fewer than 22 rays, located behind dorsal fin base; body shiny blue or green (Ref. 55763). There is a silver stripe along flank in juveniles which disappears with age. The high number of gill rakers distinguishes it from all Pacific species of Anchoa.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
Adults occur mainly within 80 km of coast, forming huge schools, chiefly in surface waters. Are filter-feeders entirely dependent on the rich plankton of the Peruvian Current. In some studies, diatoms constituted as much as 98% of the diet. Large populations of guano birds and pelicans also depend on this fish (Ref. 9988). Utilized as fish meal and oil (Ref. 9988).
Eggs ellipsoidal.
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Amenaza para el ser humano
Harmless
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: muy comercial
Herramientas
Informes especiales
Descargar XML
Fuentes de Internet
Estimaciones basadas en modelos
Índice de diversidad filogenética (Referencia 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00457 (0.00362 - 0.00577), b=3.13 (3.09 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Nivel trófico (Referencia 69278) |
2.9 ±0.38 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
1.3 (1.1 - 1.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 60 growth studies. |
Resiliencia (Referencia 120179) |
Alto, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo inferior a 15 meses (K=0.6-0.9; tm=1; tmax=3; batch fecundity > 10,000). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.83, 95% CL = 0.54 - 1.24, Based on 3 full stock assessments. |
Vulnerabilidad pesquera (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (17 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilidad climática (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoría de precios (Ref. 80766) |
Low.
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Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 233 [104, 574] mg/100g; Iron = 1.55 [0.73, 3.65] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.4, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.764 [0.444, 1.331] g/100g; Selenium = 16.8 [7.9, 39.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11 [2, 47] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.18 [0.73, 1.89] mg/100g (wet weight); |