Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina bentopelágico; oceanódromo (Ref. 3688); intervalo de profundidade 1 - 200 m (Ref. 4781), usually 30 - 50 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; 45°N - 17°S, 19°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal and Strait of Gibraltar to Angola, including the Mediterranean.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm 18.7, range 17 - 23 cm
Max length : 90.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 4781); common length : 50.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 4781); peso máx. publicado: 11.6 kg (Ref. 40637)
Generally found in hard bottoms (rocks and rubble), the older individuals in the deeper part of the range, the young in inshore areas. Feed mainly on bivalves and also on crustaceans and fish. Sexual maturity at 2 years old. Spawning migration occurs parallel to the coast with intermittent spawning between spring and autumn over soft bottoms in shallow waters (Ref. 3688).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
A different diagnosis of sexual pattern may arise for this species brought about by geographical variations (Ref. 103751). Also Ref. 41163.
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01905 (0.01645 - 0.02207), b=2.95 (2.91 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278) |
3.7 ±0.54 se; based on food items. |
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Generation time |
5.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. |
Resiliência (Ref. 120179) |
médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.28; tmax=10; tm=2). |
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilidade climática (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 37.1 [17.3, 70.3] mg/100g; Iron = 1.04 [0.30, 2.90] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.1, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.253 [0.138, 0.453] g/100g; Selenium = 39 [17, 80] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.42 [1.82, 28.09] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.592 [0.297, 1.251] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |