Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Raja: Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade 10 - 380 m (Ref. 6808). Temperate; 60°N - 22°N, 18°W - 24°E
Eastern Atlantic: Shetland Islands to Morocco, Rio de Oro (Western Sahara), and Madeira.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm 90.2, range 60 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 41333); 125.0 cm TL (female); peso máx. publicado: 14.3 kg (Ref. 40637)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Espinhos anais: 0. Upper surface wholly prickly, except in juveniles; underside only prickly along front margins of disc; orbital thorns separate; a regular median row of 40-45 thorns in juveniles and adult females, interrupted on back in males; 60-90 tooth rows; upper surface ochre, with numerous small dark spots to margins of disc, underside white (Ref. 3167).
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Found on sand and sand-rock bottoms (Ref. 6808). Feed on all kinds of benthic animals (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 10.0-14.3 cm long and 5.8-9.0 cm wide (Ref. 41250). About 40-90 eggs are laid per individual every year (Ref. 41250).
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Spawning mainly from February to August with at least 30 egg-cases laid (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00229 (0.00147 - 0.00358), b=3.26 (3.14 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278) |
3.8 ±0.61 se; based on food items. |
Resiliência (Ref. 120179) |
Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (K=0.12-0.19; tmax=15; Fec=40). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.20, 95% CL = 0.13 - 0.30, Based on 1 full stock assessment. |
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilidade climática (Ref. 125649) |
High vulnerability (61 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 4.69 [0.73, 84.95] mg/100g; Iron = 0.26 [0.02, 2.99] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [13.9, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.869 [0.349, 2.113] g/100g; Selenium = 14.8 [3.0, 71.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.7 [0.6, 90.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.31 [0.02, 3.43] mg/100g (wet weight); |