Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Raja: Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 10 - 380 m (Ref. 6808). Temperate; 60°N - 22°N, 18°W - 24°E
Eastern Atlantic: Shetland Islands to Morocco, Rio de Oro (Western Sahara), and Madeira.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 90.2, range 60 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 41333); 125.0 cm TL (female); publicerad maxvikt: 14.3 kg (Ref. 40637)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0. Upper surface wholly prickly, except in juveniles; underside only prickly along front margins of disc; orbital thorns separate; a regular median row of 40-45 thorns in juveniles and adult females, interrupted on back in males; 60-90 tooth rows; upper surface ochre, with numerous small dark spots to margins of disc, underside white (Ref. 3167).
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Found on sand and sand-rock bottoms (Ref. 6808). Feed on all kinds of benthic animals (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 10.0-14.3 cm long and 5.8-9.0 cm wide (Ref. 41250). About 40-90 eggs are laid per individual every year (Ref. 41250).
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Spawning mainly from February to August with at least 30 egg-cases laid (Ref. 3167). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00229 (0.00147 - 0.00358), b=3.26 (3.14 - 3.38), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
3.8 ±0.61 se; based on food items. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.12-0.19; tmax=15; Fec=40). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.20, 95% CL = 0.13 - 0.30, Based on 1 full stock assessment. |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100). 🛈 |
Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref. 125649) |
High vulnerability (61 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 4.69 [0.73, 84.95] mg/100g; Iron = 0.26 [0.02, 2.99] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [13.9, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.869 [0.349, 2.113] g/100g; Selenium = 14.8 [3.0, 71.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.7 [0.6, 90.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.31 [0.02, 3.43] mg/100g (wet weight); |