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Teleostei > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) 鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers) 石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Protonibea:Greek, protos = the first + see under Nibea. More on author: Lacepède.
Indo-West Pacific: west coast of the Persian Gulf and along the coasts of India and Sri Lanka, north to Japan and south through the Philippines and Borneo to New Guinea and northern Australia. 印度-西太平洋: 波斯灣的西岸而且沿著印度海岸與斯里蘭卡, 北至日本與南至菲律賓與婆羅洲到新幾內亞與澳洲北部。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm?, range 85 - ? cm Max length : 165.0 cm TL (female); common length : 100.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9772); 最大體重: 0.00 g; 最大年齡: 8 年 (Ref. 72458)
背棘 (總數) : 10 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 22 - 25; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 7. 7-8 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first arch. Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal. 在第一個的下面肢翼上的 7-8 鰓耙成弓形彎曲。
Found in coastal waters over muddy bottoms, off the sea-bed. Ascend tidal rivers and estuaries (Ref. 9772). Feed mainly on crustaceans and small fishes. Also caught with bottom trawls (Ref. 9772). Sold fresh and dried salted (swim bladder) in markets. An important food fish. Minimum depth range based on occurrence (Ref. 118911).
Lal Mohan, R.S., 1984. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3490)
