>
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Protonibea: Greek, protos = the first + see under Nibea.
More on author: Lacepède.
Taxonomic Remarks
Type species of genus.
Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 5 - 100 m (Ref. 43239). Tropical; 40°N - 28°S, 47°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: west coast of the Persian Gulf and along the coasts of India and Sri Lanka, north to Japan and south through the Philippines and Borneo to New Guinea and northern Australia.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm ?, range 85 - ? cm
Max length : 165.0 cm TL (female); common length : 100.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9772); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 0.00 g; max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 8 Jaren (Ref. 72458)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 10 - 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 22 - 25; Anale stekels: 2; Anale zachte stralen: 7. 7-8 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first arch.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found in coastal waters over muddy bottoms, off the sea-bed. Ascend tidal rivers and estuaries (Ref. 9772). Feed mainly on crustaceans and small fishes. Also caught with bottom trawls (Ref. 9772). Sold fresh and dried salted (swim bladder) in markets. An important food fish. Minimum depth range based on occurrence (Ref. 118911).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Lal Mohan, R.S., 1984. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3490)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; Aquacultuur: commercieel
Tools
Speciale rapporten
Download XML
Internetbronnen
Schattingen op basis van modellen
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.00832 (0.00552 - 0.01252), b=3.06 (2.94 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278) |
3.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies. |
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179) |
Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.29-0.52; tmax=8). |
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100). 🛈 |
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
|
Voedingsstoffen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 40.5 [14.2, 156.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.578 [0.238, 1.642] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.3, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.206 [0.112, 0.346] g/100g; Selenium = 84.9 [44.5, 168.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.38 [2.40, 34.23] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.722 [0.405, 1.471] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |