個人による観察記録の追加 Fish Watcher
| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Solea solea AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
アップロード 写真 そして ビデオ
画像 | 切手、コイン、その他 | グーグルの画像
Solea solea
画像によって Canosa, C. & B.F. Souto
画像 | 切手、コイン、その他 | グーグルの画像
画像によって Canosa, C. & B.F. Souto
分類 / 名前 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Soleidae (Soles)
Etymology: Solea: Latin, solea = sandal (shoe); refered to the flat shape of the fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Solea: Latin, solea = sandal (shoe); refered to the flat shape of the fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
環境：環境 / 気候帯 / 深さの範囲 / 分布範囲 生態学
海; 汽水性の 底生の; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 0 - 150 m (Ref. 35388), usually 10 - 60 m (Ref. 6302). Subtropical; 8°C - 24°C (Ref. 4944); 64°N - 14°N, 25°W - 38°E (Ref. 54889)
分布 領土 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | 目的のマップ | 導入 | Faunafri
Eastern Atlantic: southward from Trondheim Fjord (including North Sea and western Baltic) and Mediterranean Sea (including Sea of Marmara, Bosporus and southwestern Black Sea) (Ref. 4710). Elsewhere, southward to Senegal (Ref. 4710), including Cape Verde (Ref. 5304).
初回成熟時の長さ / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
成熟: Lm 30.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 4710); common length : 35.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5504); 最大公表体重: 3.0 kg (Ref. 5504); 最大記録サイズ: 26 年 (Ref. 32766)
Max length : 70.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 4710); common length : 35.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5504); 最大公表体重: 3.0 kg (Ref. 5504); 最大記録サイズ: 26 年 (Ref. 32766)
簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 69 - 97; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 53 - 80; 脊つい: 46 - 52. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body oval, flat and asymmetric; eyes located on right side of head, except in reversed individuals (Ref. 57416). Upper eye less than its own diameter from dorsal profile of head (Ref. 4710). Anterior nostril on blind side not enlarged (Ref. 4710, 57416), but surrounded by small rim (Ref. 57416). Its distance from front margin of head 1.5-1.9x in its distance from cleft of mouth; anterior nostril on eyed side with backward-pointing tube not or only barely reaching front border of lower eye (Ref. 4710). Preopercle covered by skin and opercle entirely scaled; mouth arched and inferior; dorsal and anal fins lacking spinous rays and united to caudal fin by well-developed membrane, but caudal peduncle distinct; dorsal fin originating on horizontal axis through upper eye; pectoral fin on eyed side asymmetrical, with 7-10 rays, and on blind side slightly shorter; straight part of lateral line visible, supratemporal part slightly arched above eyes; body covered with rectangular ctenoid scales (Ref. 57416).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: flattened.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: flattened.
Adults occur at a temperature range of 8.0-24.0°C (Ref. 4944). Usually solitary. They burrow into sandy and muddy bottoms. Retreat to deeper water during winter (Ref. 9988). Juveniles are found during the first 2 to 3 years in coastal nurseries (bays and nurseries) before migrating to deeper waters (Ref. 92286). Adults feed on worms, mollusks and small crustaceans at night. Waden sea is the most important nursery area. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Recruitment is very variable. Frequently found pelagically during spawning migrations (Ref. 35388). Marketed fresh and frozen; utilized steamed, fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
ライフサイクルと交尾行動 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Spawning takes place in shallow coastal waters at temperatures of 6 - 12°C. Reproduction starts after 3-5 years of age, when 25-30cm size is reached. Spawning happens mainly during the months of February-May (for example, off the coasts of Galicia), although in warmer areas
(such as the Mediterranean), it can occur at the beginning of the winter. Incubation lasts about 5 days (at 1 2°) and larval phase 35 days (at 18°C).
主な参考文献
参考文献のアップロード | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者
Desoutter, M., 1992. Soleidae. p. 860-865. In C. Levêque, D. Paugy, and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest Tome 2. Faune Tropicale n° 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique and O.R.S.T.O.M., Paris, France, 902. (Ref. 7395)
CITES
Not Evaluated
人間に対する脅威
Harmless
人間の用途
水産業: 高い商業の; 水産養殖: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい; 水族館・水槽: 公共の水族館
FAO - 養殖システム: production search水産業: 種の外形, landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | 私達の周りの海
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インターネットの情報源
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モデルに基づく推定値
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系統多様性指数 (参照 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00661 (0.00576 - 0.00758), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
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栄養段階 (参照 69278) |
3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 3.9 (3.2 - 4.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 31 growth studies. |
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回復力 (参照 120179) |
手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.21-0.33; tm=3-5; tmax=26; Fec=100,000). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 40 full stock assessments. |
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漁業の脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100). 🛈 |
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気候脆弱性 (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100). 🛈 |
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価格帯 (Ref. 80766) |
Very high. |
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栄養素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 79.8 [29.8, 184.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.915 [0.416, 1.919] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.6, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.224 [0.141, 0.343] g/100g; Selenium = 17.2 [6.8, 47.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.77 [1.36, 16.81] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.453 [0.263, 1.007] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |