環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 pelagic-neritic. 熱帶
Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.
印度-太平洋: 紅海到莫三比克 , 馬達加斯加與模里西斯,東至美屬薩摩亞, 北至菲律賓者,加羅林群島與馬里亞納群島。 小笠原群島 (博寧島) 記錄似乎可靠。 沒有印度的標本。 可能出現在波斯灣。 需再確認的在泰國 (參考文獻 1632) 的發生。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 10.3 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 129422)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 16; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 25 - 35; 脊椎骨: 39 - 40. This species is distinguished by the following characters: short maxilla, its posterior tip not reaching to posterior margin of the opercle; first supramaxilla elongated, longer than half length of second; abdomen is covered with 5-8 + 9-10 = 14-17 keeled scutes; scutes anterior to pectoral fin absent; 1UGR (upper gill rakers of first gill arch) 15-18, 1LGR (lower gill rakers of first gill arch) 20-23, 1TGR (total gill rakers of first gill arch) 36-40; 2UGR 12-15, 2LGR 20-23, 2TGR 33-38; 3UGR 10-13, 3LGR 12-14, 3TGR 23-27; 4UGR 9-11, 4LGR 9-12, 4TGR 18-22; no distinct black blotches on the dorsal fin; caudal peduncle is rather deep, 10.1-11.5% (mean 10.5%) of SL, and short 8.7-10.4% (usually shorter than 10%; mean 9.3%) of SL; pre-dorsal-fin is short, 48.0-50.4% of SL; snout is short, 3.9-4.8% of SL; body elongate, 23.0-26.9% (rarely 21.2%; mean 24.5%) of SL (Ref. 129422).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.
腹面圓形的以前腹鰭有 4 到 9+7 到 10=12 到 18個有龍骨的鱗甲, 前腹鰭鱗甲在胸鰭基底或在後下面終止它。 顎骨短, 正好延伸到超過前鰓蓋的前緣, 頂端尖的。
Marine, pelagic and presumably schooling (Ref. 189). Found mostly inshore in bays, lagoons, harbours, mangrove pools and estuaries, thus apparently able to tolerate lowered salinities (Ref. 189, 30573). It contributes to general clupeoid catches, but no special fishery (Ref. 189). Used as a baitfish in Pacific Ocean (Ref. 189).
大部分發現於近海海灣,潟湖,港灣,紅樹林水池與河口了, 如此顯然地能容忍低鹽度。 棲息於混濁的水域, 形成大群魚群。 (參考文獻 1602) 也使用環狀網捕捉。 (參考文獻 5213) 當作鮪魚誘餌使用。
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 紅海到莫三比克 , 馬達加斯加與模里西斯,東至美屬薩摩亞, 北至菲律賓者,加羅林群島與馬里亞納群島。 小笠原群島 (博寧島) 記錄似乎可靠。 沒有印度的標本。 可能出現在波斯灣。 需再確認的在泰國 (參考文獻 1632) 的發生。
Hata, H., I.F. Mandagi and K.W.A. Masengi, 2023. Resurrection of nominal species previously regarded as junior synonyms of Thrissina baelama (Fabricius, 1775) and their re-descriptions (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 71:279-302. (Ref. 129422)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 06 March 2017
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: usually
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00380 (0.00173 - 0.00834), b=3.10 (2.92 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245). |
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
3.3 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives |
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.). |
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Low vulnerability (14 of 100). 🛈 |
價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
Medium.
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營養素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 252 [138, 574] mg/100g; Iron = 2.01 [1.12, 3.61] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.2, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.476 [0.242, 0.968] g/100g; Selenium = 35.7 [17.1, 75.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.5 [8.0, 82.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [1.38, 3.01] mg/100g (wet weight); |