分类 / 名称 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围 生态学
分布 领土 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 分布图 | 简介 | Faunafri
Eurasia: Caspian, Black, Marmara and Baltic Sea basins (Sweden and Finland north to 63°N), North Sea basin from Elbe to Ems drainages. In Anatolia: in Marmara basin, south to Great Menderes and Lake Egridir and east to Kızılırmak drainage. Absent between Kızılırmak and Çoruh drainages. Extirpated in Crimea. Introduced in Rhine.
歐亞大陸: 亞速海, 黑海與里海的流域, 以及在波羅的海流域的河中。 也發現於西歐, 包括斯堪的那維亞半島。 (參考文獻 4537)
歐亞大陸: 亞速海, 黑海與里海的流域, 以及在波羅的海流域的河中。 也發現於西歐, 包括斯堪的那維亞半島。 (參考文獻 4537)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大体重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 35541); 最大年龄: 15 年 (Ref. 59043)
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大体重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 35541); 最大年龄: 15 年 (Ref. 59043)
简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 3; 背的软条 (总数) : 8 - 9; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 16 - 22. Diagnosed from its congeners in Europe by the following characters: anal fin with 16-21½ branched rays; back keeled behind dorsal base; in spawning season, males blackish brown with orange cheek and sometimes belly (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19 soft rays. Scalar formula: 49-64, 6-10 (Ref. 40476).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
尾鳍有 19个软鳍条。 数量公式: 49-64,6-10.(参考文献 40476)
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
尾鳍有 19个软鳍条。 数量公式: 49-64,6-10.(参考文献 40476)
Inhabits brackish estuaries, large to medium rivers and some large subalpine lakes. Sedentary populations inhabit even in small rivers or barbel zone. Feeds mainly on small molluscs and insect larvae. Breeds in riffles in shallow, fast-flowing streams and rivers on gravel. Semi-anadromous populations forage in freshened parts of sea and migrate for long distances to spawn. Lacustrine populations move to fast-flowing tributaries. Spent adults return to foraging habitats (Ref. 59043). Threatened from its range due to water obstruction (Ref. 26100).
栖息于河的中下游。 (参考文献 30578) 吃无脊椎动物与植物。 半淡咸水族群为产卵在中进入河川下游可以 - 七月.(参考文献 556) 产卵向上游在砾石之上.(参考文献 30578) 受到威胁的从它的分布范围由于水资源减少.(参考文献 26100)
栖息于河的中下游。 (参考文献 30578) 吃无脊椎动物与植物。 半淡咸水族群为产卵在中进入河川下游可以 - 七月.(参考文献 556) 产卵向上游在砾石之上.(参考文献 30578) 受到威胁的从它的分布范围由于水资源减少.(参考文献 26100)
生命周期和交配行为 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Produces 15,000-20,000 eggs at the age of 6-7 years (Ref. 12259). Spawns for several years. Semi-anadromous populations undertake long distance spawning migrations while lacustrine populations migrate to fast-flowing tributaries. In Dniepr and Kuban, migration starts in September, decreases in winter and resumes in March-May (Ref. 59043).歐亞大陸: 亞速海, 黑海與里海的流域, 以及在波羅的海流域的河中。 也發現於西歐, 包括斯堪的那維亞半島。 (參考文獻 4537)
主要参考文献
上传您的参考资料 | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
CITES
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
无害处的
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
FAO - 渔业: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource |
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网络资源
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基于模型的估算
|
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00724 (0.00659 - 0.00797), b=3.14 (3.11 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
|
营养阶层 (参考文献 69278) |
3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies. |
|
回复力 (参考文献 120179) |
低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.22; tm=3; tmax=15). |
|
渔业脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100). 🛈 |
|
价格分类 (Ref. 80766) |
Unknown. |